Table 2.
Basic descriptive of African ASRs in Hong Kong, assessing different demographic factors and intermediary determinants of health as defined by the CSDH framework (Solar & Irwin [16]). (n = 374)
| Socio-demographics characteristics | |
| Gender | |
| Male | 292 (78.1%) |
| Female | 82 (21.9%) |
| Age Group (Mean: 31.52, SD: ±7.41) | |
| 18–27years | 107 (28.6%) |
| 28–37years | 194 (51.9%) |
| 38–47years | 66 (17.6%) |
| 48years + | 7 (1.9%) |
| Place of origin | |
| North Africa | 13 (3.5%) |
| East Africa | 131 (35.0%) |
| Central Africa | 69 (18.4%) |
| South Africa | 10 (2.7%) |
| Western Africa | 151 (40.4%) |
| Length of Residence in Hong Kong | |
| Less than 5 years | 280 (74.9%) |
| 5 to 10 years | 89 (23.8%) |
| 11years plus | 5 (1.3%) |
| Intermediarydeterminants of health | |
| Material/Living Circumstances | |
| Problems with Accommodation | |
| No | 80 (21.4%) |
| Yes | 294 (78.6%) |
| Problems with food packages | |
| No | 132 (35.3%) |
| Yes | 242 (64.7%) |
| Problems with case officer | |
| No | 174 (46.5%) |
| Yes | 200 (53.5%) |
| Biological/Behavioural Circumstances | |
| Alcohol consumptiona,b | |
| None | 268 (71.7%) |
| Infrequently | 57 (15.2%) |
| Frequently | 49 (13.1%) |
| Smokinga,c | |
| None | 260 (69.5%) |
| Light Smoker | 24 (6.4%) |
| Heavy Smoker | 90 (24.1%) |
| Recreational Drugsa | |
| No | 342 (91.4%) |
| Yes | 32 (8.6%) |
| Exercisea,d | |
| Little or none | 276 (73.8%) |
| Frequent | 98 (26.2%) |
| Multiple Sex partnersa | |
| None | 201 (53.7%) |
| Only one | 117 (31.3%) |
| More than one | 56 (15.0%) |
| Illness, Injury, or symptomsa | |
| No | 193 (51.6%) |
| Yes | 181 (48.4%) |
| Chronic illness | |
| No | 223 (59.6%) |
| Yes | 151 (40.4%) |
| Psychosocial Factors | |
| Religion | |
| Atheist | 14 (3.7%) |
| Christian/Catholic | 211 (56.4%) |
| Muslim | 142 (38.0%) |
| Other | 7 (1.9%) |
| Marital Status | |
| Single | 252 (67.4%) |
| Married | 71 (19.0%) |
| Divorced/Separated/Widowed | 51 (13.6%) |
| Living Companion | |
| Alone | 286 (76.5%) |
| With Family | 65 (17.4%) |
| With Others | 23 (6.1%) |
| PHQ-2 Score (Cut off at 2) | |
| Below 2 | 239 (63.9%) |
| Equal or above 2 | 135 (36.1%) |
| General healthe | |
| Very Good/Excellent | 72 (19.2%) |
| Good | 114 (30.5%) |
| Fair/Poor | 188 (50.3%) |
| Health vs. locals of same agee | |
| Better or Much Better | 162 (43.3%) |
| Same | 133 (35.6%) |
| Worse or Much Worse | 79 (21.1%) |
| Health vs. prior arrival in HKe | |
| Better or Much Better | 148 (39.6%) |
| Same | 110 (29.4%) |
| Worse or Much Worse | 116 (31.0%) |
| PHQ-2 Score (Cut off at 4) | |
| Below 4 | 327 (87.4%) |
| Equal or above 4 | 47 (12.6%) |
a Reported in the past 30 days; b Alcohol Consumption – None = does not drink, infrequently = <5 drinks/week, Frequently = >5 drinks/week; c Smoking – Light Smokers = <10 cigarettes per day, Heavy Smokers = >10 Cigarettes per day; d Exercise – Little or none = <15 days with exercise, Frequent = >15 days with exercise; e Based on the participants own judgement