Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population according to diabetes and smoking status
| No diabetes | Diabetes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-smokers | Ex-smokersa | Smokersb | Non-smokers | Ex-smokers | Smokers | |
| Men (n) | 9539 | 7063 | 11054 | 323 | 392 | 341 |
| Age (years) | 43.2 (11.9)c | 48.5 (11.7) | 42.6 (11.1) | 54.1 (11.5) | 56.9 (9.1) | 51.0 (10.4) |
| Education (%) | ||||||
| Low | 28 | 29 | 37 | 31 | 31 | 33 |
| Moderate | 33 | 37 | 35 | 31 | 35 | 34 |
| High | 39 | 34 | 28 | 38 | 34 | 33 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.1 (3.5) | 27.3 (3.7) | 25.8 (3.7) | 28.5 (4.4) | 29.3 (4.0) | 27.8 (4.9) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 140 (18) | 144 (20) | 142 (19) | 148 (24) | 148 (21) | 146 (21) |
| Serum cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.8 (1.2) | 6.1 (1.2) | 6.2 (1.31) | 5.7 (1.2) | 5.9 (1.3) | 6.1 (1.4) |
| Total physical activity (%) | ||||||
| Low | 8 | 10 | 13 | 16 | 21 | 24 |
| Moderate | 83 | 84 | 82 | 81 | 77 | 75 |
| High | 9 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Women (n) | 21463 | 2980 | 5101 | 878 | 125 | 153 |
| Age (years) | 45.7 (11.6) | 42.5 (11.6) | 40.4 (10.8) | 54.0 (11.1) | 51.2 (11.9) | 46.7 (11.0) |
| Education (%) | ||||||
| Low | 32 | 31 | 40 | 36 | 31 | 38 |
| Moderate | 34 | 33 | 33 | 34 | 39 | 32 |
| High | 34 | 36 | 27 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.2 (4.8) | 25.9 (4.6) | 24.9 (4.5) | 29.7 (6.1) | 31.1 (6.3) | 28.4 (5.4) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 140 (23) | 131 (19) | 131 (19) | 148 (24) | 145 (23) | 138 (23) |
| Serum cholesterol (mmol/l) | 6.0 (1.3) | 5.5 (1.2) | 5.6 (1.2) | 6.0 (1.3) | 5.7 (1.1) | 6.0 (1.3) |
| Total physical activity (%) | ||||||
| Low | 15 | 13 | 17 | 27 | 29 | 28 |
| Moderate | 82 | 83 | 80 | 71 | 70 | 70 |
| High | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
athose, who had smoked regularly but had stopped smoking at least six month before the survey
bthose who currently smoke or those who had stopped smoking less than six months before the survey
cmean and standard deviation