Table 2.
Mortality rate ratios by injury type and severity for injury-related hospitalisations of individuals aged 18+ years and matched non-injured comparison cohort within the 12 months post the index injury date, linked hospitalisation and mortality data in Australia
| Injured No. deaths |
Non-injured No. deaths |
Unadjusted mortality rate ratio | 95%CI | Adjusted mortality rate ratioa,b | 95%CI | Adjusted attributable risk%a,b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mortality | |||||||
| Within 30 days | 3015 | 205 | 15.07* | 13.06–17.39 | 12.13* | 10.29–14.29 | 92 |
| Within 3 months | 5327 | 659 | 8.69* | 7.99–9.45 | 6.31* | 5.75–6.93 | 84 |
| Within 6 months | 7471 | 1368 | 6.00* | 5.65–6.37 | 4.27* | 4.00–4.57 | 77 |
| Within 12 months | 10,638 | 2970 | 4.07* | 3.89–4.24 | 2.90* | 2.76–3.04 | 66 |
| Injury type | |||||||
| Fracture | 5005 | 1504 | 3.90* | 3.67–4.15 | 2.80* | 2.61–3.01 | 64 |
| Hip fracture | 2390 | 581 | 5.34* | 4.82–5.91 | 3.67* | 3.27–4.12 | 73 |
| Open wound | 1312 | 417 | 3.53* | 3.14–3.97 | 2.57* | 2.25–2.93 | 61 |
| Injury to internal organs | 991 | 141 | 9.48* | 7.74–11.60 | 7.38* | 5.90–9.22 | 86 |
| Traumatic brain injury | 870 | 119 | 10.22* | 8.18–12.77 | 7.58* | 5.92–9.70 | 87 |
| Superficial injuries | 797 | 267 | 3.27* | 2.83–3.78 | 2.21* | 1.87–2.60 | 55 |
| Poisoning by drugs, medicaments and biological substances | 479 | 50 | 10.56* | 7.78–14.34 | 6.06* | 3.93–9.33 | 83 |
| Burns | 69 | 12 | 5.75* | 3.12–10.61 | 4.06* | 1.71–9.63 | 75 |
| Injury to nerves and spinal cord | 32 | 15 | 2.07** | 1.12–3.83 | 1.93 | 0.88–4.24 | 48 |
| All other and unspecified injuries | 1953 | 564 | 3.99* | 3.61–4.41 | 2.76* | 2.47–3.08 | 64 |
| Injury severity score (ICISS range) | |||||||
| Minor (≥0.99) | 1427 | 597 | 2.57* | 2.33–2.84 | 1.82* | 1.62–2.05 | 45 |
| Moderate (0.942- < 0.99) | 4179 | 1277 | 3.68* | 3.44–3.93 | 2.54* | 2.35–2.73 | 61 |
| Serious (<0.942) | 5032 | 1096 | 5.85* | 5.43–6.29 | 4.17* | 3.85–4.52 | 76 |
| Age group | |||||||
| 18–24 | 94 | 7 | 13.43* | 6.23–28.93 | 28.08* | 7.66–103.00 | 96 |
| 25–34 | 168 | 8 | 21.00* | 10.33–46.68 | 25.59* | 8.33–78.63 | 96 |
| 35–44 | 245 | 23 | 10.65* | 6.95–16.33 | 7.18* | 4.06–12.71 | 86 |
| 45–54 | 333 | 56 | 6.07* | 4.56–8.07 | 4.63* | 3.11–6.88 | 78 |
| 55–64 | 473 | 69 | 6.87* | 5.33–8.84 | 5.00* | 3.45–7.25 | 80 |
| 65–74 | 989 | 186 | 5.56* | 4.74–6.53 | 2.89* | 2.36–3.53 | 65 |
| 75–84 | 3056 | 727 | 4.84* | 4.44–5.28 | 3.16* | 2.87–3.49 | 68 |
| 85+ | 5280 | 1894 | 3.35* | 3.16–3.54 | 2.58* | 2.42–2.75 | 61 |
*p < 0.0001; **p < 0.02
aAdjusted for age group, sex, urban status, number of Charlson comorbidities (i.e. 0, 1–2 or ≥3), alcohol use and dependence, mental health conditions, drug-related dependence and the log of pre-injury cumulative hospital LOS. bAge group analyses adjusted for sex, urban status, number of Charlson comorbidities (i.e. 0, 1–2 or ≥3), alcohol use and dependence, mental health conditions, drug-related dependence and the log of pre-injury cumulative hospital LOS