Figure 2. . Epigenetic regulation of stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment.

Examples of epigenetic regulation in stromal cells are summarized. Cellular compartments of the microenvironment are labeled and highlighted with different background colors. White boxes describe examples of epigenetic mechanisms shown to occur in stromal cells and discussed in the text. Within the white boxes, up and down arrows indicate increased or decreased occurrence or expression, respectively. Right arrows indicate sequences of events leading to a final outcome. Line arrows running between cell type compartments indicate the direction of material transferred between cell types and point to white boxes describing epigenetic mechanisms initiated by this material transfer. Bold text alongside these arrows list the specific materials (e.g., ligands, miRNAs) transferred between the cell types.

Data taken with permission from [15–21].