Table 1. . DNA methylation profiles in chondrosarcoma.
Gene | Sample | Function | Methylation status | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
MDK |
Rat CS cells |
Growth factor |
Induced hypomethylation† |
[18] |
Sox2 |
Rat CS cells |
Pluripotent transcription factor |
Induced hypomethylation† |
[18] |
Satellite 1 |
Rat CS cells, rat CS tissues |
Repetitive DNA elements |
Global hypomethylation |
[18,20] |
LINE-1 |
Rat CS cells |
Repetitive DNA elements |
Global hypomethylation |
[18] |
Maspin |
Human CS cell lines |
Epithelial-specific marker |
Hypomethylation |
[39] |
14-3-3σ |
Human CS cell lines |
Epithelial-specific marker |
Hypomethylation |
[39] |
p16INK4a (CDKN2A) |
Human CS tissues |
Inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase |
Hypermethylation |
[26,27] |
FHIT |
Human CS tissues |
Induce apoptosis and in cell-cycle control |
Hypermethylation |
[27] |
E-cadherin (CDH1) |
Human CS tissues |
Cell adhesion |
Hypermethylation |
[27] |
3-OST |
Human CS cell lines |
HS biosynthetic enzymes |
Hypermethylation |
[28] |
RUNX3 | Human CS tissues | Induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis | Hypermethylation | [25] |
†Induced hypomethylation denotes certain gene is detected as hypomethylated after using DNA methyltransferase inhibitor but unknown methylation status in CS.
CS: Chondrosarcoma; HS: Heparan sulfate.