Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion Criteria	Exclusion Criteria
Control group with untreated class II subjects. Treatment group: Patients with Class II malocclusion by retrognathism treated with any of the following appliances: Bionator, Twin Block, Activator, Sander Bite Jumping or Frankel.	Studies which evaluated mandibular length with point Ar.
Minimum 6 months in treatment.	Studies evaluating outcomes with MRI.
Articles in English or Spanish.	Studies which utilized the Herbst appliance. Insufficient data for analysis
Studies in humans	Treatment combined with extractions.
Studies in growing patients (aged between 6 and 18 years old).	Treatment combined with fixed appliances.
Studies evaluated with cephalometric radiographs that included mandibular length measurements using Co-Gn, Co-Po.	Surgical treatment
Randomized clinical trials (RCT) studies