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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Glia. 2016 Jun 1;64(8):1396–1415. doi: 10.1002/glia.23013

FIGURE 3. VOCC inhibitors block astrocyte activation in response to LPS.

FIGURE 3

After 6DIV, astrocytes were treated with LPS (1μg/ml) for 3 consecutive days in combination with verapamil (5μM) or nifedipine (5μM) and were stained with antibodies against GFAP and s100β (A and B), Ki67 (G and H) and caspase-3 (J). (C) VOCC activity was examined in cultured astrocytes after LPS treatment using fura-2 as intracellular Ca++ indicator. The bar graph shows the average amplitude of the Ca++ response, calculated from the responding cells expressed as a percentage of change of the emission intensities. (D, E and F) Astrocytes were exposed to BrdU during the last day (24h) (D and E), or during the complete LPS treatment (72h) (F). (I) Evaluation of astrocytes viability by the MTT assay 3 days after LPS treatment. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM of at least six independent experiments. **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 vs. control; #p<0.05, ##p<0.01, ###p<0.001 vs. LPS. Scale bar = 120μm (A), 100μm (D and H).