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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jun 19.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Immunol. 2016 Dec 19;18(2):152–160. doi: 10.1038/ni.3643

Figure 3. Female-biased immune gene expression is dependent on SLE disease states but not sex hormone levels.

Figure 3

a, qRT-PCR of female-biased immune genes in whole skin of healthy humans (n=5 each sex). b, immunohistochemistry images of female-biased immune genes in skin of healthy humans. Scale bar, 50 μm. c, qRT-PCR of female-biased immune genes in monocytes of healthy humans (n=9 each sex). d, qRT-PCR of female-biased immune genes in B cells of healthy humans (n=9 female, 8 male). e, qRT-PCR of female-biased immune genes in skin of SLE patients (SLE) and healthy subjects (N) (n=5 each). f, qRT-PCR of female-biased immune genes in monocytes of SLE patients (SLE) and healthy subjects (N) (n=3 each). g, gene expression by RNA-Seq in primary human keratinocytes with or without estradiol treatment (n=3 independent experiments). h, gene expression by RNA-Seq in primary human keratinocytes with or without testosterone treatment (n=3 independent experiments). i, scatter plot of BAFF expression from RNA-Seq of human skin biopsies versus age at biopsy. Female, F. Male, M. Mean ± s.e.m, * P<0.05, Student’s t-test.