a, VGLL3 mRNA levels as fold change in control versus Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) parotid tissue. b, mRNA levels of MMP9, ETS1, IL7 and IL7R as fold change in control versus SS parotid tissue. c,d, Expression changes of VGLL3 targets (c) and randomly selected non-targets (d) in SS. e, density plot of log2(FC) levels upon VGLL3 knockdown for SS (genes increased at the FC 1.5, q 0.05 threshold in SS) and non-SS genes. P < 2.2 × 10−6. Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test. f, qRT-PCR of BAFF, ITGAM, FCER1g upon VGLL3 knockdown by RNAi (n=3 independent experiments) in monocytes. g, qRT-PCR of LY6E, OAS1, MX1 and IFI44 upon VGLL3 knockdown (n=3 independent experiments), with or without IFNα+IFNβ treatment in monocytes. h, mRNA levels of BAFF, IL7 and MMP9 by fold change in cultured salivary gland cells with scrambled RNAi (Scr Ri) or VGLL3 RNAi (Vgll3 Ri). Cells were untreated or treated with IFN-α or IFN-α+IFN-γ. (a,b) Mean± s.e.m. *, q<0.05 , n=24 for SS and n=25 for control. (f, g, h) Mean ± s.e.m, *, P<0.05, Student’s t-test.