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. 2017 Feb 2;12(2):e0170904. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170904

Fig 3. Dose-dependent effects of chronic treatment with various flavonoids on circadian rhythm period and amplitude.

Fig 3

Various flavonoids: (A) flavone, (B) flavonol, (C) isoflavone, (D) catechin, and (E) PMF were chronically applied to the culture medium of MEFs. The circadian rhythm period and amplitude in the presence of these flavonoids were compared with that in the presence of vehicle (VEH; 0.25% DMSO). The amplitudes (left) and the periods (right) of the PER2::LUC waveform. VEH average amplitude value is normalized to indicate 100 (circle), and all normalized amplitude points are indicated (rhombus). Period value is analyzed by sin-fitting, and each value (rhombus) and average (circle) are indicated. Values are mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. VEH (Tukey or Dunn’s test).