Table 3.
Activities of specific compounds from Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R. Br.
| Compounds | Effects | In vitro test | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gymconopin A | Anti-oxidant activity | Radical scavenging activities for DPPH radical and. exhibiting inhibitory activity on formozan formation and xanthine oxidase at 29.2, 45.8, and >100 μM; 33.4, 21.5, and >100 μM; 31.2 μM, >100 μM and null; 12.7, 0.95, and 44.0 μM; 8.2, 0.19, and 30.5 μM; 15.7, 9.4, and >100 μM; 5.8, 0.27, and 4.5 μM; >40, 82.8, and >100 μM; >40, 9.3, and 72.9 μM; >40, 13.4, and 45.1 μM; >40, 13.4, and 65.2 μM; 11.0, null and null; 6.0, 1.5, and >10 μM, respectively. | Morikawa et al., 2006b |
| GymconopinB | |||
| 2-Methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-4,5-diol | |||
| 4-Methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-2,7-diol | |||
| 1-(4-Hydroxybenzyl)-4-methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-2,7-diol | |||
| 1-(4-Hydroxybenzyl)-4-methoxyphenanthrene-2,7-diol | |||
| Blestriarene A | |||
| BatatacinIII 3′,5-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-methoxybibenzyl3,3′-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-5-methoxybibenzyl | |||
| 3,3′-Dihydroxy-2,6-bis-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-5-methoxybibenzyl | |||
| α-Tocopherol | |||
| (+)-Catechin | |||
| Arctigenin Lappaol A Lappaol F |
Anti-oxidant activity | Anti-oxidative activity inhibiting Fe2+-cystine activity induced in rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation with inhibitory rates of 53, 59, and 52%, compared with that of vitamin E at 35%. | Zi et al., 2008 |
| (−)-4-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]benzyl alcohol(−)-4-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy] benzyl ethyl ether(−)-(2R,3S)-1-[4-β-D-glucopyranosyloxybenzyl]-4-methyl-2-isobutyltartrate |
Anti-HIV activity | At a concentration of 10−5 mol/L, the inhibition rates of these compounds against VSVC/HIV-luc model in 293 cell lines were 9.0, 5.0, 6.2, 11.9, 11.3, 0.6, 13.3, 5.1, 10.0, 2.4, and 0.6%, respectively. Comparisons with the positive drugs zidovudine (10−7 mol/L, 85.6%) and lamivudine (10−8 mol/L, 47.4%) were performed. | Zi, 2008 |
| Cyclo[gly-L-S-(4-hydroxybenzyl)]cys 2-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenylmethyl)-4-methylcyclopent-4-en-1,3-dione 2-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-hydroxymethylcyclopent-2-enone |
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| Coelovirins E | |||
| Dactylorhin E | |||
| Dactylorhin B | |||
| Militarine | |||
| Gastrodin |