Table 1. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and Sepsis Treatment between Survivors and Non-Survivors.
| Characteristics | Total (n=83) | Survivors (n=67) | Non-survivors (n=16) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 71 (64–77) | 71 (64–77) | 70 (63–76) | 0.599 |
| Male (%) | 47 (56.6) | 37 (55.2) | 10 (62.5) | 0.598 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23 (20–26) | 23 (20–25) | 23 (21–26) | 0.710 |
| Charlson index | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 4 (3–5) | 0.106 |
| Underlying comorbidities | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 28 (33.7) | 23 (34.3) | 5 (31.3) | 0.815 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 12 (14.5) | 8 (11.9) | 4 (25.0) | 0.233 |
| Cardiovascular disease* | 18 (21.7) | 14 (20.9) | 4 (25.0) | 0.741 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 19 (22.9) | 17 (25.4) | 2 (12.5) | 0.340 |
| Solid cancer | 27 (32.5) | 20 (29.9) | 7 (43.8) | 0.286 |
| SOFA score | 8 (6–9) | 8 (6–9) | 8 (6–10) | 0.490 |
| APACHE II score | 16 (13–19) | 15 (12–19) | 20 (15–29) | 0.011 |
| Acute kidney failure | 42 (50.6) | 34 (50.7) | 8 (50.0) | 0.100 |
| Acute liver failure | 16 (19.3) | 5 (7.5) | 11 (68.8) | <0.001 |
| Primary infectious origin† | ||||
| Urinary tract | 30 (36.1) | 26 (38.8) | 4 (25.0) | 0.392 |
| Respiratory | 29 (34.9) | 21 (31.3) | 8 (50.0) | 0.242 |
| Intra-abdomen | 27 (32.5) | 23 (34.3) | 4 (25.0) | 0.564 |
| Bacteremia | 41 (49.4) | 32 (47.8) | 9 (56.3) | 0.588 |
| Treatment of severe sepsis | ||||
| CRRT | 13 (15.7) | 8 (11.9) | 5 (31.3) | 0.117 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 13 (15.7) | 7 (10.4) | 6 (37.5) | 0.016 |
| Low-dose steroid | 42 (50.6) | 31 (46.3) | 11 (68.8) | 0.164 |
| Norepinephrine | 69 (83.1) | 56 (83.6) | 13 (81.3) | 1.000 |
| Vasopressin | 8 (9.6) | 3 (4.5) | 5 (31.3) | 0.006 |
| Appropriate empirical antibiotics use within 2 hr | 73 (88.0) | 58 (86.6) | 15 (93.8) | 0.678 |
| Components of EGDT | ||||
| CVP (mm Hg) | ||||
| 0 hr | 6 (4–10) | 6 (3–9) | 6 (4–11) | 0.491 |
| 2 hr | 7 (5–10) | 7 (5–9) | 7 (4–11) | 0.771 |
| 4 hr | 8 (5–11) | 9 (5–11) | 8 (5–11) | 0.364 |
| 6 hr | 9 (6–12) | 10 (6–12) | 9 (5–11) | 0.694 |
| MAP (mm Hg) | ||||
| 0 hr | 59 (50–69) | 57 (50–68) | 60 (56–71) | 0.339 |
| 2 hr | 71 (62–81) | 71 (62–79) | 68 (61–85) | 0.798 |
| 4 hr | 82 (75–91) | 83 (75–92) | 78 (67–85) | 0.095 |
| 6 hr | 85 (78–93) | 87 (79–98) | 77 (64–87) | 0.009 |
| SCVO2 (%) | ||||
| 0 hr | 66 (58–72) | 65 (59–71) | 69 (54–76) | 0.244 |
| 2 hr | 68 (61–73) | 67 (62–71) | 71 (61–74) | 0.371 |
| 4 hr | 73 (61–78) | 72 (60–77) | 77 (64–86) | 0.289 |
| 6 hr | 79 (71–87) | 77 (69–84) | 83 (75–89) | 0.105 |
| Total hospital stay (days) | 16 (8–24) | 17 (11–29) | 8 (3–13) | <0.001 |
BMI, body mass index; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; APACHE, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; EGDT, early goal-directed therapy; CVP, central venous pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; SCVO2, superior vena cava oxygenation saturation.
Values are presented as the median (interquartile range) or number (percent). SOFA score was assessed upon arrival at the emergency department and APACHE II score was assessed based on the worst values over the first 24 hrs of intensive care unit care.
*Except essential hypertension, †Multiple selection was possible in one patient.