A and B, TAS was treated with siRNA specific to TLR4, MyD88, IRAK1 or control siRNA and exposed to (A) ultrapure LPS as well as (B) PCCM and IL6 secretion evaluated. C and D, IL6 secretion by TAS following exposure to (C) 100 ng/mL of ultrapure LPS or (D) PCCM (50%) in the presence of 10 µM of a small molecule IRAK4 inhibitor (black) or 10 µM of a small molecule inhibitor specific to both IRAK1 and IRAK4 (gray). E and F, IL6 secretion by TAS treated with ultrapure LPS (100 ng/mL, gray) or PCCM (50%, black) was evaluated in the presence of (E) the TLR4 inhibitor, CLI-095, or (F) polymyxin B. G, IL6 secretion by TAS exposed to 100 ng/mL of ultrapure LPS or PCCM (50%) with (black) and without pre-boiling (white). H, IL6 secretion by TAS exposed to filtered (black) or non-filtered (white) PC conditioned media (50%). Bars represent mean ± S.E.M. *P < 0.05 using the independent samples t test.