Table 2. General characteristics of the participants by ethnicity and gender.
| Parameters | NHANES | KNHANES | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mexican American (n = 1,172) | Non-Hispanic White (n = 978) | Non-Hispanic Black (n = 1,014) | Korean (n = 4,873) | |||||||||
| Male (n = 586) | Female (n = 586) | P value | Male (n = 517) | Female (n = 461) | P value | Male (n = 570) | Female (n = 444) | P value | Male (n = 2,590) | Female (n = 2,283) | P value | |
| Age, yr | 15.0 ± 2.3 | 14.8 ± 3.0 | 0.329 | 15.2 ± 2.2 | 15.0 ± 2.3 | 0.292 | 15.1 ± 2.2 | 14.8 ± 1.9 | 0.013 | 15.0 ± 2.2 | 15.0 ± 2.3 | 0.360 |
| WC, cm | 83.8 ± 17.5 | 81.9 ± 19.7 | 0.044 | 80.9 ± 16.4 | 79.6 ± 14.6 | 0.106 | 78.8 ± 19.6 | 81.4 ± 19.7 | 0.010 | 72.9 ± 12.7 | 68.4 ± 10.0 | < 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.0 ± 6.7 | 23.9 ± 8.3 | 0.803 | 22.8 ± 6.0 | 22.8 ± 5.2 | 0.847 | 23.4 ± 7.5 | 25.3 ± 7.7 | < 0.001 | 21.3 ± 4.7 | 20.8 ± 4.0 | < 0.001 |
| BMI Z-score | 0.7 ± 1.8 | 0.7 ± 1.7 | 0.705 | 0.4 ± 1.3 | 0.4 ± 1.1 | 0.980 | 0.5 ± 1.4 | 0.9 ± 1.2 | < 0.001 | −0.19 ± 1.26 | 0.03 ± 1.38 | 0.221 |
| SBP, mmHg | 111.9 ± 12.4 | 105.5 ± 10.4 | < 0.001 | 111.4 ± 13.3 | 105.8 ± 11.4 | < 0.001 | 114.1 ± 12.1 | 109.0 ± 12.0 | < 0.001 | 109.4 ± 13.4 | 103.6 ± 11.9 | < 0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 57.1 ± 17.3 | 59.9 ± 17.1 | 0.001 | 59.5 ± 14.4 | 62.4 ± 14.1 | < 0.001 | 59.8 ± 16.1 | 61.1 ± 16.7 | 0.125 | 67.8 ± 11.4 | 66.3 ± 10.6 | < 0.001 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 97.7 ± 11.9 | 94.0 ± 19.6 | < 0.001 | 95.8 ± 7.6 | 92.8 ± 9.2 | < 0.001 | 93.8 ± 7.7 | 90.9 ± 9.6 | < 0.001 | 89.1 ± 8.4 | 87.9 ± 7.9 | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 48.9 ± 14.2 | 53.8 ± 15.6 | < 0.001 | 48.5 ± 14.0 | 52.9 ± 12.6 | < 0.001 | 55.0 ± 17.2 | 56.3 ± 15.3 | 0.189 | 46.7 ± 10.6 | 50.5 ± 12.6 | < 0.001 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 93.5 ± 73.7 | 84.9 ± 57.8 | 0.025 | 90.5 ± 66.7 | 83.8 ± 57.1 | 0.077 | 67.7 ± 40.0 | 63.0 ± 34.6 | 0.035 | 86.5 ± 66.0 | 84.8 ± 56.4 | 0.322 |
| TyG index | 8.29 ± 0.74 | 8.17 ± 0.73 | 0.010 | 8.24 ± 0.61 | 8.17 ± 0.58 | 0.057 | 7.90 ± 0.52 | 7.83 ± 0.47 | 0.022 | 8.12 ± 0.64 | 8.11 ± 0.61 | 0.791 |
| Metabolic syndrome, % | ||||||||||||
| Cook et al. (21) | 8.9 (6.6–11.8) | 5.6 (3.7–8.2) | 0.081 | 7.8 (5.8–10.4) | 5.0 (3.2–7.6) | 0.084 | 2.6 (1.5–4.4) | 2.6 (1.4–3.9) | 0.796 | 5.6 (4.7–6.8) | 3.7 (2.8–4.7) | 0.007 |
| de Ferranti et al. (22) | 18.7 (15.5–22.2) | 15.3 (11.7–19.7) | 0.219 | 13.9 (11.0–17.4) | 11.1 (8.4–14.5) | 0.172 | 8.4 (6.2–11.3) | 6.5 (4.4–9.7) | 0.278 | 14.7 (13.1–16.5) | 12.6 (11.0–14.3) | 0.065 |
| IDF | 10.9 (8.1–14.4) | 5.6 (3.8–8.3) | 0.005 | 6.1 (4.2–8.7) | 3.3 (2.0–5.3) | 0.029 | 2.4 (1.4–4.0) | 3.7 (2.3–6.1) | 0.242 | 2.0 (1.4–2.8) | 2.0 (1.4–2.9) | 0.973 |
Data are the means ± SD, except for metabolic syndrome. Data for each metabolic syndrome criterion is provided as a percentage (95% CI).
NHANES = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, KNHANES = Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, WC = waist circumference, BMI = body mass index, SBP = systolic blood pressure, DBP = diastolic blood pressure, HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TyG = triglycerides and glucose, IDF = International Diabetes Federation, SD = standard deviation, CI = confidence interval.