Table 2. Relative power comparisons for EEG frequency bands between ADHD+IGD (I) and ADHD-only (A) and HC (C) groups.
| Variables | Frontal | Temporal | Central | Parietal | Occipital |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delta | |||||
| ADHD+IGD | 25.48 (5.35) | 18.87 (3.08) | 19.95 (3.64) | 19.81 (3.35) | 19.68 (3.24) |
| ADHD-only | 28.05 (4.20) | 22.48 (3.72) | 22.93 (4.02) | 23.06 (4.25) | 23.44 (5.06) |
| HC | 29.05 (3.11) | 21.39 (3.59) | 23.34 (4.21) | 22.51 (4.61) | 21.79 (3.98) |
| F, P value | 2.40, 0.079 | 4.46, 0.018 | 3.39, 0.043 | 2.83, 0.723 | 3.22, 0.050 |
| Post hoc | I = A = C | A > I | I = A = C | I = A = C | I = A = C |
| Theta | |||||
| ADHD+IGD | 13.37 (2.19) | 13.49 (2.56) | 16.12 (3.62) | 15.63 (3.40) | 14.36 (2.78) |
| ADHD-only | 15.03 (2.81) | 16.12 (4.17) | 19.62 (5.88) | 19.04 (5.27) | 16.83 (4.42) |
| HC | 12.91 (1.45) | 13.76 (2.31) | 16.16 (2.30) | 16.07 (2.21) | 14.74 (1.94) |
| F, P value | 3.68, 0.034 | 3.24, 0.049 | 3.39, 0.043 | 3.48, 0.047 | 2.57, 0.089 |
| Post hoc | A > C | I = A = C | I = A = C | I = A = C | I = A = C |
| Alpha | |||||
| ADHD+IGD | 13.09 (2.90) | 18.02 (4.42) | 17.44 (4.11) | 20.23 (5.25) | 24.06 (6.29) |
| ADHD-only | 14.22 (3.80) | 19.60 (5.26) | 19.55 (4.80) | 21.59 (5.06) | 25.07 (7.14) |
| HC | 13.17 (3.04) | 17.20 (3.52) | 18.50 (3.90) | 20.45 (4.62) | 23.86 (6.08) |
| F, P value | 0.56, 0.574 | 1.09, 0.347 | 0.94, 0.400 | 0.33, 0.723 | 0.15, 0.864 |
| Post hoc | I = A = C | I = A = C | I = A = C | I = A = C | I = A = C |
| Beta | |||||
| ADHD+IGD | 21.30 (3.81) | 24.75 (3.86) | 24.49 (3.94) | 23.94 (3.68) | 23.85 (4.14) |
| ADHD-only | 19.32 (2.27) | 21.03 (2.99) | 21.34 (3.10) | 20.67 (3.33) | 20.27 (3.68) |
| HC | 20.65 (3.33) | 24.79 (2.38) | 23.67 (3.33) | 23.53 (4.45) | 23.26 (3.84) |
| F, P value | 1.51, 0.233 | 6.96, 0.002 | 3.34, 0.045 | 3.28, 0.047 | 3.68, 0.034 |
| Post hoc | I = A = C | A < I = C | I = A = C | I = A = C | I = A = C |
Relative power values were analyzed using ANOVA; Post hoc comparisons were carried out using Bonferroni correction; Data are presented as mean (SD); Bold font indicates statistically significant group differences.
EEG = electroencephalography, ADHD = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, IGD = internet gaming disorder, ADHD+IGD = ADHD comorbid with IGD group, ADHD-only = ADHD without comorbidity group, HC = healthy control group, ANOVA = analysis of variance, SD = standard deviation.