Fig. 1.

Effects of remifentanil treatment in inflammatory cytokines release 6 and 24 hours after sham/CLP operation. Serum TNF-α, IL-6, and HMGB1 concentration were analyzed by ELISA in rats subjected to sham/CLP operation. Data were presented as mean ± SD (n = 8).

TNF = tumor necrosis factor, IL = interleukin, HMGB1 = high mobility group box 1, ELISA = enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, SD = standard deviation, Sham = sham operation group, CLP = cecal ligation and puncture with normal saline group, Remi = cecal ligation and puncture with remifentanil treatment group.

^*P < 0.05 vs. sham; ^†P < 0.05 vs. CLP.