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. 2017 Jan 27;8:13772. doi: 10.1038/ncomms13772

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Copyright © 2017, The Author(s)

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Light activation of ChR2-expressing astrocyte (centre) induces ATP release, which directly increases the excitability of CCK⁺ interneurons (right) through P2Y1 receptor-mediated inhibition of K2P potassium channels. The astrocyte-released ATP can be degraded into adenosine (Ade), which in turn decreases the excitability of pyramidal neurons (right) through A1 receptor-mediated activation of GIRK channels. The ATP-induced excitation of CCK⁺ interneurons will further inhibits pyramidal neuron activity through GABAergic synapses. In this way, the astrocyte-derived ATP efficiently regulates the output of whole neuronal circuit.