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. 2016 Dec 6;187(3):428–440. doi: 10.1111/cei.12896

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Hypoxia inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and interleukin (IL)−33 are expressed highly in inflamed mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. (a) Relative expression of HIF‐1α mRNA in colonic biopsies from healthy controls (HC, n = 13), inflamed mucosa of patients with active Crohn's disease (CD) (A‐CD, n = 18) and patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC) (A‐UC, n = 16), colonic tissues from CD patients in remission (R‐CD, n = 14) and UC patients in remission (R‐UC, n = 15) was determined by quantitative real‐time–polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR) and normalized to glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). * P < 0·05; ** P < 0·01. (b,c) Western blot analysis of HIF‐1α in healthy controls (HC), A‐CD and A‐UC. The levels of HIF‐1α were normalized to the β‐actin protein levels. * P < 0·05 versus HC. (d−f) Immunohistochemical staining for HIF‐1α‐positive cells in colonic mucosa from HC, A‐CD and A‐UC. Representative photographs from three independent experiments are shown. (g,h) Relative expression of IL‐33 and receptor suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) mRNA in colonic biopsies from HC (n = 8), R‐CD (n = 8) and R‐UC (n = 8), inflamed mucosa of A‐CD (n = 8) and A‐UC (n = 8) was determined by qRT–PCR analysis and normalized to glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). * P < 0·05. Western blot analysis of IL‐33 in HC, A‐CD and A‐UC. The levels of IL‐33 were normalized to the β‐actin protein levels. (i) Correlation of HIF‐1α with IL‐33 mRNA in intestinal epithelial cell (IECs) from patients with active IBD (n = 41) (Pearson's correlation coefficient, R = 0.714, P < 0·001).