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. 2016 Nov 30;150(3):312–328. doi: 10.1111/imm.12687

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Proanthocyanidins (PAC) do not inhibit binding of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and do not bind 67LR or CD11b on dendritic cells. (a) TLR4 reporter cells were incubated with 20 μg/ml of either cocoa (COC) fraction 2 (F2) or white clover flower (WCF) F2 for 24 hr, and stimulated with 10 ng/ml LPS or vehicle control. TLR4 activation was assessed by measuring the production of interleukin‐8 (IL‐8). Results are the mean ± SEM. of three independent experiments. (b) Dendritic cells were incubated with anti‐67LR, anti‐CD11b or isotype controls (IC) for 15 min before the addition of COC F2 or WCF F2 and then LPS. IL‐6 and IL‐12p70 secretion was quantified after 24 hr. Cytokine secretion in PAC‐treated cells incubated with either isotype controls or anti‐67LR or CD11b is expressed as a percentage of the secretion induced by LPS alone + isotype control, or LPS alone + anti67LR or CD11b. Mean secretion in isotype‐control treated cells activated with LPS alone was 44 ± 8·6 ng/ml for IL‐6 and 4 ± 1·7 ng/ml for IL‐12p70. Experiments were performed three times with cells from different donors, and presented as mean ± inter‐donor SEM. *P < 0·05; **P < 0·001 as assessed by one‐way analysis of variance.