Identification of the Pnn-responsive regions in the E-cadherin promoter. Each truncation of the E-cadherin promoter luciferase reporter is represented in the diagram, with the indicated distances from the transcriptional initiation site. Squares and ovals demarcate known regulatory elements within the promoter region. Bars on the right represent luciferase activity of each of the truncation construct in response to Pnn-myc/His expression (Pnn) or expression of the myc/His vector alone (vector). A total of 100 ng of each promoter construct was transiently cotransfected into HEK293 cells, along with 500 ng of the Pnn-myc/His expression vector or myc/His vector alone. The numerical data obtained from the luciferase readings was normalized to the values of the full-length E-cadherin promoter (−427+53) activity when cotransfected with the myc/His vector alone, which represented a value of 1. E-box 1 and E-box 2 regions, as well as the region adjacent to the transcriptional start site, demonstrated an increased activity in the presence of Pnn.