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. 2016 Dec 15;187(3):466–479. doi: 10.1111/cei.12899

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Increased levels of cytokines and growth factors in asymptomatic (Asympt.) and symptomatic (Sympt.) acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) cases compared with matched controls (Ctrl). (a) Increased levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF), (b) interleukin (IL)‐1β and (c) IL‐17, (d) interferon (IFN)‐γ and the growth factors (e) basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF basic), and (f) vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), (g) granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) and (h) platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐BB in asymptomatic and symptomatic AIP cases compared with their respective matched controls (Ctrl). The concentration of cytokines and chemokines were measured using a multiplex cytokine assay. The results are expressed as pg/ml. The results from the age‐ and sex‐matched controls (n = 50, including 35 controls for the symptomatic cases) and the cases with AIP (n = 50, 35 symptomatic) are shown as scatter‐plots with the median. The horizontal dotted gridline indicate each cytokine's upper reference value (97·5 percentile) in 42 healthy controls. The data were analysed using the Wilcoxon matched‐pairs signed‐rank test.