Table 1. Total sample sociodemographic, clinical and treatment characteristics (controls, severe mental illness patients and subgroups divided by diagnosis).
| Variables | SMI n=236 | Controls n=100 | F/X(2) | P |
SMI |
F/X(2) | P | Post hoc | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Md n=110 | BD n=21 | Ma n=43 | Sz n=62 | ||||||||
| Sex, F | 134 (56.7) | 44 | 8.4 | 0.004 | 74 (67.2) | 14 (66.6) | 27 (62.7) | 19 (30.6) | 25.40 | <0.001 | (Ma=Bd=Md)>Sz |
| Age, years | 44.8 (14.1) | 33.6 (10.9) | 17.0 | <0.001 | 47.8 (13.6) | 49.3 (11.8) | 42.0 (17.1) | 40.9 (12.0) | 4.33 | 0.005 | (Md>Sz)=Ma=Bd |
| Years of study | 9.7 (4.5) | 12.3 (3.8) | 13.9 | <0.001 | 10.0 (4.6) | 10.3 (4.5) | 10.7 (4.4) | 8.9 (4.5) | 1.96 | 0.143 | — |
| Race, white | 204 (86.4) | 83 | 0.66 | 0.414 | 68 (80.0) | 20 (95.2) | 36 (80.0) | 58 (87.9) | — | 0.286 | — |
| BMI | 27.1 (5.6) | 26.3 (3.3) | 3.1 | 0.116 | 26.7 (5.3) | 31.0 (6.3) | 26.8 (6.1) | 26.6 (5.3) | 3.64 | 0.014 | Bd>(Md=Sz=Ma) |
| Systemic disorder, yes | 17 (7.2) | — | — | — | 11 (12.4) | 0 | 2 (4.7) | 4 (6.5) | 5.03 | 0.169 | — |
| Smokers, yes | 62 (26.2) | 18 | 2.2 | 0.104 | 25 (34.2) | 8 (44.4) | 14 (36.8) | 15 (27.7) | 1.94 | 0.583 | — |
| Previous admissions, n | 4.3 (4.2) | — | — | — | 2.64 (3.7) | 3.2 (3.8) | 4.3 (4.2) | 7.3 (10.9) | 6.36 | <0.001 | (Sz=Ma=Bd)>Md |
| Age of onset | 29.4 (13.3) | — | — | — | 34.2 (13.6) | 33.3 (10.8) | 26.4 (14.7) | 23.3 (9.4) | 21.95 | <0.001 | (M=Sz)<(Md=Bd) |
| LOS, days | 30.8 (21.4) | — | — | — | 25.3 (11.6) | 30.9 (15.4) | 32.0 (21.5) | 37.7 (30.3) | 8.44 | 0.005 | (Ma=Bd=Sz)>Md |
| Treatment options during inpatient stay | |||||||||||
| Antidepressants, yes | |||||||||||
| Admission | 78 (33.5) | — | — | — | 53 (48.2) | 6 (28.6) | 9 (20.9) | 10 (16.1) | 22.45 | <0.001 | Md=Bd>(Sz=Ma) |
| Discharge | 89 (37.7) | — | — | — | 77 (71.3) | 11 (52.4) | 6 (14.0) | 6 (9.7) | 79.04 | <0.001 | (Md=BD)>(Sz=Ma) |
| Mood stabilizers, yes | |||||||||||
| Admission | 80 (33.8) | — | — | — | 36 (32.7) | 9 (42.9) | 18 (41.9) | 17 (27.4) | 3.19 | 0.362 | — |
| Discharge | 79 (33.9) | — | — | — | 32 (31.4) | 14 (66.7) | 33 (76.7) | 16 (25.8) | 38.03 | <0.001 | (Ma=Bd)>(Md=Sz) |
| Antipsychotics, yes | |||||||||||
| Admission | 141 (59.7) | — | — | — | 59 (53.6) | 13 (61.9) | 26 (60.5) | 43 (69.4) | 4.13 | 0.247 | — |
| Discharge | 199 (84.3) | — | — | — | 82 (74.5) | 17 (81.0) | 39 (90.7) | 61 (98.4) | 17.09 | 0.001 | (Sz=Ma)>(Md=Bd) |
| ECT | 68 (28.8) | — | — | — | 28 (31.8) | 10 (47.6) | 8 (18.6) | 18 (29.0) | 5.93 | 0.115 | — |
Abbreviations: BD, bipolar depression; BMI, body mass index; ECT, electroconvulsotherapy; F/X2, F statistics value/X2-statistics value; LOS, length of stay; Ma, mania; Md, major depression; SMI, severe mental illness; Sz, schizophrenia.
Values are shown as mean (s.d.) or n (%).