Table 1. Baseline clinical characteristics of participants with and without EDS developed during follow-up.
| Characteristics | Without EDS | With EDS | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 3760 | 1178 | — |
| Age, years | 62.3 (10.0) | 61.2 (10.2) | 0.001 |
| Women, % | 46.4 (1744) | 58.1 (685) | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity, % | |||
| Caucasian | 38.3 (1440) | 41.2 (485) | <0.001 |
| African American | 29.5 (1108) | 24.7 (291) | |
| Hispanic American | 18.6 (698) | 23.6 (278) | |
| Chinese American | 13.7 (514) | 10.5 (124) | |
| Education, % | |||
| <High school | 14.2 (533) | 19.4 (228) | <0.001 |
| High school | 41.1 (1543) | 43.3 (510) | |
| >High school | 44.7 (1680) | 37.3 (439) | |
| Smoking, % | |||
| Never | 51.9 (1949) | 48.2 (567) | <0.001 |
| Former | 37.2 (1399) | 36.8 (433) | |
| Current | 10.9 (409) | 15.0 (177) | |
| Pack years of smoking | 10.4 (19.7) | 12.2 (23.0) | 0.01 |
| Current alcohol use, % | 57.6 (2155) | 57.5 (675) | 0.95 |
| Total gross family income | |||
| <$30 000 | 31.7 (1150) | 38.5 (439) | <0.001 |
| $30 000–$74 999 | 41.1 (1491) | 40.2 (458) | |
| ⩾$75 000 | 27.2 (985) | 21.3 (243) | |
| Marital status, % | |||
| Married | 66.0 (2464) | 60.4 (704) | <0.001 |
| Widowed/divorced/separated | 26.8 (1001) | 30.0 (350) | |
| Single | 7.2 (268) | 9.5 (111) | |
| Physical activity, MET-hours per weeks | 98 (98) | 97 (95) | 0.72 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.0 (5.2) | 28.5 (5.6) | 0.02 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.927 (0.080) | 0.924 (0.080) | 0.17 |
| Heart rate, beats per minute | 62.6 (9.4) | 63.1 (9.6) | 0.08 |
| Diabetes, % | 10.9 (409) | 12.1 (142) | 0.27 |
| Hypertension, % | 42.8 (1610) | 45.0 (530) | 0.19 |
| Self-reported cancer, % | 8.0 (302) | 6.7 (79) | 0.13 |
| Any lipid-lowering medication, % | 15.8 (595) | 16.2 (191) | 0.75 |
| CRP, mg l−1 a | 1.79 (0.80–4.02) | 1.90 (0.84–4.12) | 0.53 |
| Fibrinogen, mg dl−1 | 344 (72) | 344 (72) | 0.87 |
| IL-6, pg ml−1 a | 1.15 (0.75–1.83) | 1.14 (0.75–1.73) | 0.16 |
| eGFR, ml min−1 1.73 m−2 | 77.6 (15.9) | 79.3 (16.0) | 0.002 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; EDS, elevated depressive symptoms; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IL-6, interleukin-6; MET, metabolic equivalent.
Data are expressed as mean (s.d.), percent (n) or median (interquartile range), where appropriate. P-values were estimated by t-test for continuous variables and χ2-test for categorical variables, respectively.
a
P-values were estimated using ln-transformed data.