Table 4. Associations of lower levels of conventional lipid measures at baseline with absolute change in CES-D score during follow-up.

Conventional lipid measures	β	P	P for interaction with race/ethnicity	P for interaction with sex
Total cholesterol	0.051	0.02	0.34	0.53
LDL cholesterol	0.043	0.02	0.61	0.74
HDL cholesterola	0.002	0.94	0.17	0.45
Non-HDL cholesterol	0.049	0.02	0.71	0.70
Triglyceridesa	−0.004	0.86	0.65	0.85

Abbreviations: CES-D, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.

Data are expressed as standardized regression coefficient (β) per s.d. decrease in each lipid measure in multivariable linear regression with absolute change in CES-D score as the dependent variable.

Model 1: Adjusted for baseline CES-D score, age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, smoking, pack years of smoking, total gross family income, marital status, body mass index, heart rate, hypertension, self-reported cancer, log-transformed interleukin-6, estimated glomerular filtration rate, log-transformed HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol (except total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol) and log-transformed triglycerides, and history of lipid-lowering medication usage at visits 1 and 5 (‘no use at both visits', ‘use at visit 1, but no use at visit 5', ‘no use at visit 1, but use at visit 5' and ‘use at both visits'), where appropriate.

^aP-values were estimated using log-transformed data.