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. 2017 Feb 3;8:146. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00146

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Copyright © 2017 Lara, Nery, de Oliveira, Araujo, Carvalho, Messias-Silva, Ferreira, Faria-Junior and Pereira.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Biofilm formed by E. coli strains in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) and sterile samples of pooled human urine. Hybrid EAEC/UPEC and prototype strains are highlighted with black solid and bolded symbols (respectively). Data points with different colors indicate different clinical strains tested. In general, EAEC/UPEC strains formed biofilms at modest levels, even though the strain 63.1 had formed biofilms at levels similar to those formed by prototypes strains when tested in urine.