Table 3.
Model-estimated Parameters for Full Model of Longitudinal Associations between Diurnal Cortisol Rhythms and Externalizing Behavior
| Effect | Unstandardized Estimate |
SE | Est/SE | p | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower | Upper | |||||
| Measurement model factor loadings | ||||||
| Age 6 Log-transformed AM Cort | ||||||
| Day 1 | 0.97 | 0.02 | 39.91 | 0.000 | 0.93 | 1.02 |
| Day 2 | 1.00 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Age 6 Log-transformed PM Cort | ||||||
| Day 1 | 0.93 | 0.12 | 7.85 | 0.000 | 0.70 | 1.16 |
| Day 2 | 1.00 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Age 9 Log-transformed AM Cort | ||||||
| Day 1 | 0.99 | 0.02 | 44.51 | 0.000 | 0.94 | 1.03 |
| Day 2 | 1.00 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Day 3 | 0.98 | 0.02 | 51.08 | 0.000 | 0.94 | 1.02 |
| Age 9 Log-transformed PM Cort | ||||||
| Day 1 | 0.89 | 0.07 | 13.75 | 0.000 | 0.76 | 1.02 |
| Day 2 | 1.00 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Day 3 | 0.87 | 0.07 | 13.25 | 0.000 | 0.75 | 1.01 |
| Longitudinal direct effects | ||||||
| Age 9 Externalizing behavior, Regressed ON | ||||||
| Age 6 Cort slope | 2.48 | 1.22 | 2.04 | 0.042 | 0.09 | 4.88 |
| Age 6 Cort intercept | 0.14 | 1.34 | 0.10 | 0.918 | −2.49 | 2.77 |
| Age 6 Ext behavior | 0.48 | 0.04 | 11.95 | 0.000 | 0.40 | 0.56 |
| Age 9 Internalizing behavior, Regressed ON | ||||||
| Age 6 Cort slope | 0.95 | 1.23 | 0.77 | 0.441 | −1.46 | 3.35 |
| Age 6 Cort intercept | 0.86 | 1.37 | 0.63 | 0.527 | −1.81 | 3.54 |
| Age 6 Int behavior | 0.49 | 0.04 | 11.03 | 0.000 | 0.40 | 0.58 |
| Age 9 Cortisol slope, Regressed ON | ||||||
| Age 6 Cort slope | 0.33 | 0.09 | 3.61 | 0.000 | 0.15 | 0.51 |
| Age 6 Ext behavior | −0.002 | 0.006 | 0.40 | 0.690 | −0.01 | 0.01 |
| Age 6 Int behavior | −0.006 | 0.006 | −1.082 | 0.279 | −0.02 | 0.01 |
| Age 9 Cortisol intercept, Regressed ON | ||||||
| Age 6 Cort intercept | 0.25 | 0.06 | 4.08 | 0.000 | 0.13 | 0.37 |
| Age 6 Ext behavior | 0.004 | 0.003 | 1.24 | 0.214 | −0.002 | 0.01 |
| Age 6 Int behavior | −0.005 | 0.004 | −1.30 | 0.194 | −0.01 | 0.002 |
| Path model: Concurrent associations | ||||||
| Age 6 Externalizing behavior, correlated WITH | ||||||
| Age 6 Cort slope | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.37 | 0.710 | −0.24 | 0.35 |
| Age 6 Cort intercept | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.49 | 0.621 | −0.16 | 0.26 |
| Age 9 Externalizing behavior, correlated WITH | ||||||
| Age 9 Cort slope | −0.11 | 0.09 | −1.19 | 0.234 | −0.29 | 0.07 |
| Age 9 Cort intercept | 0.07 | 0.06 | 1.14 | 0.255 | −0.05 | 0.18 |
| Age 6 Internalizing behavior, correlated WITH | ||||||
| Age 6 Cort slope | −0.04 | 0.13 | −0.28 | 0.779 | −0.29 | 0.21 |
| Age 6 Cort intercept | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.80 | 0.424 | −0.11 | 0.25 |
| Age 9 Internalizing behavior, correlated WITH | ||||||
| Age 9 Cort slope | −0.05 | 0.09 | −0.57 | 0.572 | −0.22 | 0.12 |
| Age 9 Cort intercept | 0.06 | 0.06 | 1.10 | 0.271 | −0.05 | 0.17 |