Table 3.

Associations between knowledge of at least one symptom for pneumonia and care seeking from appropriate health care providers

	Children with symptoms of pneumonia, taken to an appropriate provider
	Total taken to provider and reported knowledge of pneumonia symptom	N (%)	Unadjusted OR + (95% CI)	Adjusteda OR + (95% CI)
CAR	Total	151/ 489 (30.9)
	Knowledge - No	104/ 357 (29.1)	ref	ref
	Knowledge - Yes	47/ 132 (35.6)	1.3 (0.9-2.1)	1.4 (0.9 – 2.2)
Chad	Total	254/ 928 (27.4)
	Knowledge - No	166/ 630 (26.3)	ref	ref
	Knowledge - Yes	88/ 298 (29.5)	1.2 (0.9 – 1.6)	1.1 (0.8 – 1.6)
DRC	Total	209/ 473 (44.2)
	Knowledge - No	120/ 309 (38.8)	ref	ref
	Knowledge – Yes	89/ 164 (54.3)	1.9 (1.3 – 2.7)**	2.0 (1.3 – 3.0)**
Malawi	Total	740/ 1076 (68.8)
	Knowledge - No	519/ 743 (69.9)	ref	ref
	Knowledge - Yes	221/ 333 (66.4)	0.9 (0.6 – 1.1)	0.8 (0.6 – 1.1)
Nigeria	Total	253/ 604 (41.9)
	Knowledge - No	155/ 405 (38.3)	ref	ref
	Knowledge - Yes	98/ 199 (49.2)	1.6 (1.1-2.2)**	1.9 (1.3 – 2.9)**
Sierra Leone	Total	402/ 549 (73.2)
	Knowledge - No	267/ 369 (72.4)	ref	ref
	Knowledge - Yes	135/ 180 (75.0)	1.1 (0.8 – 1.7)	1.2 (0.8 – 1.9)

Note: Knowledge is defined as those caregivers aware of at least one pneumonia symptom (i.e., fast or difficulty breathing). All calculations: numbers (n), percentages (%), odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) are based on weighted averages, adjusted for missing data. Numbers presented in this table are rounded. Manual re-calculation might therefore show slight differences

^aAdjusted for pre-defined variables, namely; wealth, residence, maternal education, maternal age, child’s age, child’s sex, and total number of children ever born. Based on the pre-defined criteria geographical location (defined as regions) were included in Malawi, Nigeria and Sierra Leone and religion in Chad, Malawi, and Nigeria

Statistical significance: *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01