Table 3.
Number and incidence rate of CVD, all-cause mortality and composite of CVD and all-cause mortality among urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) groups (male) by multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression
| UACR Group 1 (<0.5 mg/mmol) (N = 5,821) |
UACR Group 2 (0.5–0.9 mg/mmol) (N = 8,796) |
UACR Group 3 (1–1.4 mg/mmol) (N = 3,846) |
UACR Group 4 (1.5–1.9 mg/mmol) (N = 2,183) |
UACR Group 5 (2–2.4 mg/mmol) (N = 1,474) |
UACR Group 6 (2.5–3.4 mg/mmol) (N = 1,906) |
UACR Group 7 (3.5–4.9 mg/mmol) (N = 1,563) |
UACR Group 8 (5–9.9 mg/mmol) (N = 2,308) |
UACR Group 9 (10–24.9 mg/mmol) (N = 1,765) |
UACR Group 10 (25–34.9 mg/mmol) (N = 406) |
UACR Group 11 (≥35 mg/mmol) (N = 1,021) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVD | |||||||||||
| Cumulative Cases with Event | 242 | 417 | 245 | 167 | 112 | 159 | 123 | 248 | 206 | 50 | 154 |
| Cumulative Incidence Rate | 4.2% | 4.7% | 6.4% | 7.7% | 7.6% | 8.3% | 7.9% | 10.7% | 11.7% | 12.3% | 15.1% |
| Person-years | 268,568 | 399,457 | 172,506 | 95,953 | 65,849 | 84,092 | 67,881 | 99,719 | 74,531 | 16,277 | 39,981 |
| Medium follow-up (Months) | 46.5 | 45.5 | 44.5 | 44.5 | 45.5 | 44.5 | 43.5 | 43.5 | 43.5 | 41.5 | 41.5 |
| Incidence Rate (95% CI)a | 10.81 (9.53,12.26) | 12.53 (11.38,13.79) | 17.04 (15.04,19.32) | 20.89 (17.95,24.31) | 20.41 (16.96,24.56) | 22.69 (19.42,26.51) | 21.74 (18.22,25.95) | 29.84 (26.35,33.80) | 33.17 (28.93,38.02) | 36.86 (27.94,48.64) | 46.22 (39.47,54.13) |
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | Reference group | 1.07 (0.91,1.26) | 1.30* (1.09,1.56) | 1.57* (1.28,1.91) | 1.42* (1.13,1.78) | 1.58* (1.29,1.94) | 1.48* (1.19,1.84) | 1.94* (1.62,2.33) | 2.00* (1.65,2.42) | 2.21* (1.63,3.01) | 2.57* (2.08,3.17) |
| All-cause mortality | |||||||||||
| Cumulative Cases with Event | 138 | 277 | 156 | 126 | 79 | 112 | 115 | 165 | 155 | 45 | 160 |
| Cumulative Incidence Rate | 2.4% | 3.1% | 4.1% | 5.8% | 5.4% | 5.9% | 7.4% | 7.1% | 8.8% | 11.1% | 15.7% |
| Person-years | 273,362 | 407,234 | 176,630 | 99,035 | 68,040 | 86,781 | 70,042 | 103,939 | 78,012 | 17,049 | 42,556 |
| Medium follow-up (Months) | 46.5 | 45.5 | 45.5 | 45.5 | 45.5 | 44.5 | 44.5 | 44.5 | 44.5 | 42.5 | 42.5 |
| Incidence Rate (95% CI)a | 6.06 (5.13,7.16) | 8.16 (7.26,9.18) |
10.60 (9.06,12.40) | 15.27 (12.82,18.18) | 13.93 (11.18,17.37) | 15.49 (12.87,18.64) | 19.70 (16.41,23.65) | 19.05 (16.35,22.19) | 23.84 (20.37,27.91) | 31.67 (23.65,42.42) | 45.12 (38.64,52.68) |
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | Reference group | 1.23* (1.00,1.51) | 1.41* (1.12,1.77) | 1.93* (1.51,2.46) | 1.53* (1.16,2.02) | 1.79* (1.39,2.31) | 2.29* (1.78,2.94) | 2.08* (1.65,2.62) | 2.41* (1.90,3.05) | 3.26* (2.32,4.59) | 4.36* (3.43,5.53) |
| Composite of CVD and mortality | |||||||||||
| Cumulative Cases with Event | 361 | 648 | 359 | 264 | 165 | 239 | 217 | 353 | 315 | 77 | 265 |
| Cumulative Incidence Rate | 6.2% | 7.4% | 9.3% | 12.1% | 11.2% | 12.5% | 13.9% | 15.3% | 17.8% | 19.0% | 26.0% |
| Person-years | 268,568 | 399,457 | 172,506 | 95,953 | 65,849 | 84,092 | 67,881 | 99,719 | 74,531 | 16,277 | 39,981 |
| Medium follow-up (Months) | 46.5 | 45.5 | 44.5 | 44.5 | 45.5 | 44.5 | 43.5 | 43.5 | 43.5 | 41.5 | 41.5 |
| Incidence Rate (95% CI)a | 16.13 (14.55,17.88) | 19.47 (18.02,21.02) | 24.97 (22.52,27.69) | 33.02 (29.26,37.25) | 30.07 (25.81,35.03) | 34.11 (30.04,38.72) | 38.36 (33.58,43.82) | 42.48 (38.27,47.15) | 50.72 (45.41,56.64) | 56.77 (45.40,70.97) | 79.54 (70.52,89.72) |
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | Reference group | 1.14 (1.00,1.29) | 1.32* (1.14,1.53) | 1.70* (1.45,1.99) | 1.37* (1.14,1.65) | 1.59* (1.34,1.87) | 1.85* (1.56,2.19) | 1.88* (1.62,2.18) | 2.16* (1.85,2.52) | 2.64* (2.06,3.39) | 3.41* (2.89,4.03) |
Hazard ratios were adjusted for age, gender, smoking status, drinking habit, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, glycated hemoglobin A1c, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, triglyceride, estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, self-reported duration of diabetes mellitus, family history of diabetes mellitus, diagnosed hypertension, the usage of anti-hypertensive drugs, oral anti-diabetic drugs, insulin and lipid-lowering agents at baseline
CVD Cardiovascular Diseases, UACR Albumin/Creatinine Ratio
*Significant difference (P < 0.05) by multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression
aIncidence rate (cases/1000 person-years) with 95%CI based on Poisson distribution