Table 2.

Preoperative factors

	Group		P
	Controls (n=99), n (%)	Cases (n=21), n (%)
Diagnosis
Valvular heart disease	44 (44.4)	9 (42.9)	0.894
Coronary artery disease	36 (36.4)	11 (52.4)	0.172
Acyanotic congenital heart disease	10 (10.1)	1 (4.8)	0.723**
Congenital cyanotic heart disease	2 (2.0)	0	0.778**
Vascular surgery	7 (7.1)	0	0.457**
Drug abuse	2 (2.0)	1 (4.8)	1.000**
Alcoholic	12 (12.1)	4 (19.0)	0.621**
HTN	27 (27.3)	15 (71.4)	<0.0001
Diabetes	15 (15.2)	8 (38.1)	0.034**
Thyroid disease	4 (4)	0	0.789**
History of cardiac surgery	9 (9.1)	2 (9.5)	1.000**
History of stroke	5 (5.1)	2 (9.5)	0.778**
Vascular disease	4 (4.0)	1 (4.8)	1.000**
Depression	1 (1.0)	0	1.000**
Renal dysfunction	3 (3.0)	4 (19.0)	0.020**
LVEF<30%	8 (8.1)	0	0.386**
Atrial fibrillation	17 (17.2)	1 (4.8)	0.267**
Emergency surgery	7 (7.1)	1 (4.8)	1.000**
Cardiogenic shock	2 (2)	0	1.000**
Severe PAH%	8 (8.1)	1 (4.8)	0.945**
NYHA 3 or 4	36 (36.4)	14 (66.7)	0.011
Premedication	88 (88.9)	18 (85.7)	0.970**
Carotid artery disease	5 (5.1)	7 (33.3)	<0.0001

**Yate’s corrected Chi-square test. LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction, PAH: Pulmonary artery hypertension, NYHA: New York Heart Association, HTN: Hypertension