Figure 1. VACV boosted the functional avidity of CD8⁺ T cells primed by DNA vaccination.

(A to F) DNA-VACV regimen induced higher levels of frequency (B) and functional avidity of antigen-specific T cell responses against immune dominant (C), subdominant epitopes (D) and peptide pools (E) in a C57BL/6 model using HIV-1 AE Gag-Env as antigen. The summarized EC₅₀ of peptide concentration required for IFN-γ production are shown in (F). (G to J) VAVC induced higher levels of frequency (H) and functional avidity (I) in an OVA-based vaccine mice model. The EC₅₀ was shown in (J).