FIGURE 1.

Attenuated Akt phosphorylation and activation of JNK/p70S6K1 in the retina of mice fed a Western diet. Mice were fed either a Western (W) or control (C) diet for 2 weeks before retinal harvest as described under “Experimental Procedures.” Phosphorylation of Akt on Ser-473 (A), JNK phosphorylation on Ser-183/185 (B), JNK expression relative to GAPDH (C), JNK phosphorylation on Ser-183/185 relative to GAPDH (D.), c-Jun phosphorylation on Ser-63 (E.), p70S6K1 phosphorylation on Thr-421/Ser-424 (F) and Thr-389 (G), rpS6 phosphorylation on Ser-240/244 (H), and rictor phosphorylation on Thr-1135 (I) were assessed by Western blotting. Values are the means ± S.E. Statistical significance is denoted by: *, p < 0.05 versus control diet. Blots are representative of two experiments; within an experiment, two or three independent replicates were analyzed. Protein molecular mass in kDa is indicated at the left of the blots.