Figure 9.

Schematic representation of COI1-mediated JA signaling in the root apex modulating root growth inhibition in response to Al stress. COI1-mediated JA signaling is involved in the Al-induced root-growth inhibition through regulation of cortical MT polymerization in the root apex. This process is controlled by ethylene and independent of auxin signaling, which has been shown to control Al-induced root growth inhibition through the regulation of cell wall modification-related genes (Yang et al., 2014). In addition, ALMT1-mediated malate exudation from roots and thus Al exclusion from roots in response to Al stress are regulated by COI1-mediated JA signaling but not MYC2.