Table 1.
Patient demographics and baseline characteristics
| Demographic parameter | Mild COPD group (n=72) | High-risk group (n=225) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age, years (SD) | 57.23±7.56 | 61.74±8.52 | <0.0001 |
| Range | (48.00, 80.00) | (47.00, 77.00) | |
| Male, n (%) | 46 (63.89) | 165 (73.33) | 0.124 |
| BMI, kg/m2 (SD) | 24.58±2.82 | 24.64±3.15 | 0.882 |
| Mean cigarette smoking years (SD) | 19.43 (20.95) | 18.63 (19.10) | 0.762 |
| Occupational exposure, n (%) – including dust and harmful gas | 2 (2.78) | 16 (7.11) | 0.180 |
| Bioaerosol exposure, n (%) | 0 | 1 (0.44) | 0.571 |
| Allergic rhinitis, n (%) | 5 (6.94) | 9 (4.00) | 0.305 |
| Family disease history, n (%) | 12 (16.67) | 25 (11.11) | 0.214 |
| Chronic bronchitis | 6 (8.33) | 11 (4.89) | 0.274 |
| Emphysema | 0 (0.00) | 11 (4.89) | 0.056 |
| COPD | 0 (0.00) | 6 (2.67) | 0.162 |
| Asthma | 1 (1.39) | 1 (0.44) | 0.430 |
| Bronchiectasis | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | – |
| Lung cancer | 5 (6.94) | 5 (2.22) | 0.053 |
| CAT score (SD) | 5.21 (4.62) | 4.2 (3.73) | 0.118 |
| >6 | 20 (27.78) | 43 (19.11) | 0.117 |
| ≤6 | 52 (72.22) | 182 (80.89) | |
| mMRC score (SD) | 0.43 (0.67) | 0.25 (0.50) | 0.014 |
| 0 | 48 (66.67) | 176 (78.22) | 0.035 |
| 1 | 17 (23.61) | 42 (18.67) | |
| 2–3 | 7 (9.72) | 7 (3.11) | |
| EI (%) | 11.44±8.18 (n=47) | 9.18±8.39 (n=59) | 0.167 |
| Lung function (SD) | |||
| FEV1 (L) | 2.37 (0.53) | 2.62 (0.55) | 0.001 |
| FEV1% predicted | 91.41 (8.67) | 87.48 (6.21) | <0.0001 |
| FVC (L) | 3.62 (0.80) | 3.32 (0.64) | 0.002 |
| FVC% predicted | 111.68 (11.12) | 91.32 (7.6) | 0.001 |
| FEV1/FVC% | 65.59 (3.64) | 78.91 (7.12) | <0.0001 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CAT, COPD Assessment Test; mMRC, modified British Medical Research Council; EI, Emphysema Index; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration; FVC, forced vital capacity; SD, standard deviation.