Table 1.
Association between background characteristics, sexual behaviors, drug injecting behaviors, and syphilis among FSWs
| Characteristics | Total (n=5958) | Syphilis (n=230, 3.9%) | Not syphilis (n=5728, 96.1%) | χ2(df) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Year | |||||
| 2004 | 700 (11.7) | 62 (8.9) | 638 (91.1) | 176 (7) | <0.001 |
| 2006 | 1300 (21.8) | 50 (3.8) | 1250 (96.2) | ||
| 2008 | 700 (11.7) | 8 (1.1) | 692 (98.9) | ||
| 2009 | 600 (10.1) | 21 (3.5) | 579 (96.5) | ||
| 2011 | 938 (15.7) | 6 (0.6) | 932 (99.4) | ||
| 2012 | 610 (10.2) | 2 (0.3) | 608 (99.7) | ||
| 2015 | 500 (8.4) | 18 (3.6) | 482 (96.4) | ||
| 2016 | 610 (10.2) | 63 (10.3) | 547 (89.7) | ||
| Region | |||||
| Kathmandu | 2593 (43.5) | 96 (3.7) | 2497 (96.3) | 12.6 (2) | 0.002 |
| Pokhara | 945 (15.9) | 20 (2.1) | 925 (97.9) | ||
| Terai | 2420 (40.6) | 114 (4.7) | 2306 (95.3) | ||
| Place of work | |||||
| Street | 1936 (32.5) | 87 (4.5) | 1849 (95.5) | 51.8 (1) | <0.001 |
| Establishment | 4022 (67.5) | 143 (3.6) | 3879 (96.4) | ||
| Age, years | |||||
| <20 | 2094 (35.1) | 72 (3.4) | 2022 (96.6) | 7.1 (2) | 0.023 |
| 21–29 | 2342 (39.3) | 82 (3.5) | 2260 (96.5) | ||
| ≥30 | 1522 (25.5) | 76 (5.0) | 1446 (95.0) | ||
| Education | |||||
| No education | 2064 (34.6) | 134 (6.5) | 1930 (93.5) | 61.2 (2) | <0.001 |
| Primary | 2146 (36.1) | 62 (2.9) | 2084 (97.1) | ||
| Secondary and above | 1748 (29.3) | 34 (1.9) | 1714 (98.1) | ||
| Marital status | |||||
| Single | 1567 (26.3) | 27 (1.7) | 1540 (98.3) | 30 (2) | <0.001 |
| Married | 2799 (47.0) | 116 (4.1) | 2683 (95.9) | ||
| Separated (widow/divorced) | 1592 (26.7) | 87 (5.5) | 1505 (94.5) | ||
| Duration of sex work, years | |||||
| <1 | 2203 (37.0) | 38 (1.7) | 2165 (98.3) | 51.1 (2) | <0.001 |
| 1–3 | 2240 (37.6) | 98 (4.4) | 2142 (95.6) | ||
| >3 | 1515 (25.4) | 94 (6.2) | 1421 (93.8) | ||
| Age of first sexual contact, years | |||||
| <20 | 5647 (94.8) | 215 (3.8) | 5432 (96.2) | 0.57 (1) | 0.452 |
| ≥20 | 311 (5.2) | 15 (4.8) | 296 (95.2) | ||
| Total number of sexual partners | |||||
| 1 | 573 (9.6) | 26 (4.5) | 547 (95.5) | 0.59 (1) | 0.443 |
| >1 | 5385 (90.4) | 204 (3.8) | 5181 (96.2) | ||
| Number of clients per day | |||||
| 1 | 415 (7.0) | 36 (8.7) | 379 (91.3) | 26 (1) | <0.001 |
| >1 | 5543 (93.0) | 194 (3.5) | 5349 (96.5) | ||
| Number of clients in past week | |||||
| 1 | 816 (13.7) | 43 (5.3) | 773 (94.7) | 4.6 (1) | 0.033 |
| >1 | 5142 (86.3) | 187 (3.6) | 4955 (96.4) | ||
| Number of clients in past year | |||||
| 1 | 3339 (56.0) | 134 (4.0) | 3205 (96.0) | 0.39 (1) | 0.537 |
| >1 | 2619 (44.0) | 96 (3.7) | 2523 (96.3) | ||
| Number of working days in a week | |||||
| ≤2 | 513 (8.6) | 20 (3.9) | 493 (96.1) | 0.2 (1) | 0.922 |
| >2 | 5445 (91.4) | 210 (3.9) | 5235 (96.1) | ||
| Consistent condom used with clients | |||||
| Yes | 5127 (86.1) | 180 (3.5) | 4947 (96.5) | 11.4 (1) | <0.001 |
| No | 831 (13.9) | 50 (6.0) | 781 (94.0) | ||
| Consistent condom use with regular partners | |||||
| Yes | 3755 (63) | 124 (3.3) | 3631 (96.7) | 8.1 (1) | 0.004 |
| No | 2203 (37) | 106 (4.8) | 2097 (95.2) | ||
| Consistent condom use with nonpaying partners | |||||
| Yes | 1217 (20.4) | 43 (3.5) | 1174 (96.5) | 0.34 (1) | 0.563 |
| No | 4741 (79.6) | 187 (3.9) | 4554 (96.1) | ||
| Ever used drug | |||||
| Yes | 369 (6.2) | 14 (3.8) | 355 (96.2) | 0.1 (1) | 0.921 |
| No | 5589 (93.8) | 216 (3.9) | 5373 (96.1) | ||
| Ever injected drug | |||||
| Yes | 94 (1.6) | 4 (4.3) | 90 (95.7) | 0.3 (1) | 0.917 |
| No | 5864 (98.4) | 226 (3.9) | 5638 (96.1) | ||
Abbreviation: df, degrees of freedom; FSWs, female sex workers.