Figure 3.

Principles of the redox code provide rationale for systematic variation of O₂, pH, and thiol/disulfide supply systems to optimize regeneration. Reprinted by permission from References 37 (A, B, D) and 49 (C). Cys = cysteine; NAD = nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NADH = nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced; NADP = nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; NADPH = nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced; Nox = nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced oxidase; BMAL = brain and muscle arnt-like; ER = endoplasmic reticulum; EROS = ER oxidase system; FRQ = frequency; GSH = glutathione; GR = glutathione disulfide reductase; HyPer = hydrogen peroxide sensor; HyPerYFP = Hyper tagged with yellow fluorescent protein; PDI = protein disulfide isomerase; Prx = peroxiredoxin; TIM = timeless; TR = thioredoxin reductase; Trx = thioredoxin.