Figure 4.

The cumulative lifelong perturbations in metabolic and cellular functions contribute to lung disease. The lungs are exposed to airborne particulates, environmental chemicals, and infectious agents. Within the lungs, the body burden of these environmental agents causes many types of molecular responses. Central panel reprinted by permission from Reference 85; right panel is from wikipdedia.org for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic_pulmonary_fibrosis). ATSDR = Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.