. 2017 Feb 3;12(2):e0171553. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171553

Table 1. Cardiorespiratory and blood lactate responses to the simulated taekwondo combat (n = 12).

	Round 1	Round 2	Round 3	Total	p-value
Peak $\dot{V} O_{2}$ ^* (mL.kg^-1.min^-1)	42.8±3.8	42.3±5.5	42.3±5.6	44.8±5.0	0.78
Peak $\dot{V} O_{2}$ ^* (mL.kg^-1.min^-1)	(40.8–45.5)	(35.5–46.7)	(38.6–42.3)	(42.1–46.7)	(0.02^W)
Peak $\dot{V} O_{2}$ ( $% \dot{V} O_{2 PEAK}$ )	85.5±6.4	84.4±8.4	84.1±7.9	89.1±6.2	0.83
Peak $\dot{V} O_{2}$ ( $% \dot{V} O_{2 PEAK}$ )	(81.4–89.5)	(78.9–89.6)	(79.0–89.1)	(85.0–93.0)	(0.13^ES)
Mean $\dot{V} O_{2}$ ^* (mL.kg^-1.min^-1)	38.1±4.7	36.5±5.1	35.3±3.4	35.9±3.9	0.71
Mean $\dot{V} O_{2}$ ^* (mL.kg^-1.min^-1)	(35.0–39.4)	(33.3–39.7)	(34.0–38.3)	(34.1–39.1)	(0.13^W)
Mean $\dot{V} O_{2}$ ( $% \dot{V} O_{2 PEAK}$ )	74.4±6.9	73.0±8.1	72.6±8.0	73.1±6.0	0.70
Mean $\dot{V} O_{2}$ ( $% \dot{V} O_{2 PEAK}$ )	(69.9–78.8)	(67.9–78.2)	(66.8–77.4)	(69.3–76.8)	(0.18^ES)
Peak HR (beats.min^-1)	181±10^b ^c	187±14^a ^c	189±13^a ^b	190±13	<0.01
Peak HR (beats.min^-1)	(175–187)	(178–196)	(181–198)	(181–198)	(1.4^ES)
Peak HR^* (%HR_PEAK)	94.5±6.0^b ^c	96.0±3.0^a	97.0±3.0^a	98.0±3.2	<0.01
Peak HR^* (%HR_PEAK)	(90.0–96.0)	(95.0–98.0)	(97.0–100.0)	(97.0–100.0)	(0.85^W)
Mean HR (beats.min^-1)	173±1^b ^c	179±11^a	179±19^a	177±10	<0.01
Mean HR (beats.min^-1)	(166–180)	(172–186)	(171–183)	(171–183)	(0.99^ES)
Mean HR^* (%HR_PEAK)	89.0±6.0^b ^c	91.7±5.0^a	93.5±5.0^a	93.0±5.0	<0.01
Mean HR^* (%HR_PEAK)	(86.0–92.0)	(90.0–95.0)	(91.0–96.0)	(89.0–94.0)	(0.60^W)
Peak [La-]^* (mmol.L^-1)	8.4±3.5^c	10.6±3.4	12.3±2.9^a	12.6±2.8	<0.01
Peak [La-]^* (mmol.L^-1)	(5.5–9.2)	(8.3–12.1)	(10.5–13.4)	(10.5–13.4)	(0.78^W)
[La-]_AFTER (mmol.L^-1)	6.7±1.7^b ^c	8.8±2.5^a ^c	10.8±2.8^a ^b	-	<0.01
[La-]_AFTER (mmol.L^-1)	(5.5–7.9)	(7.3–10.4)	(9.0–12.5)	-	(1.67^ES)
Δ[La-] (mmol.L^-1)	2.7±1.6^c	1.3±1.2	0.8±1.5^a	-	<0.01
Δ[La-] (mmol.L^-1)	(1.7–3.6)	(0.5–2.1)	(-0.1–1.7)	-	(0.73^ES)

Variables with the absence of asterisk (*) denotes parametric data, presented as mean ± standard deviation and 95% confidence interval (inferior limit—superior limit).

* Denotes non-parametric data, presented as median, interquartile range and 95% confidence interval (inferior limit—superior limit).

Repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni Post hoc test outcomes (comparison between rounds):

^a Denotes significant different from round 1;

^b Denotes significant different from round 2;

^c Denotes significant different from round 3. Effect sizes are presented within parentheses, in p-value column:

^W Denotes Kendall’s W;

^ES Denotes Cohen’s d Effect size.

Significant level of p < 0.05 adopted for all variables. During cardiopulmonary test, $\dot{V} O_{2 PEAK}$ and HR_PEAK were assessed to express the simulation cardiorespiratory responses in percentage of participants’ peak (e.g. %HR _PEAK and $% \dot{V} O_{2 PEAK}$ ). Total column represents the sampling of the whole combat, with the subtraction of intervals.