A: Performance on the righting reflex and on the negative geotaxis test on P3–14 in naïve pups with vaginal delivery (CTR-VD), pups following prenatal pro-angiogenic stimuli with vaginal delivery (PS-VD), and pups following prenatal pro-angiogenic stimuli with abdominal delivery (PS-AD). B: Performance on the open field test at P24, the elevated plus maze at P31, and on thigmotaxis at P35, in CTR-VD pups, PS-VD pups, and PS-AD pups. C: Spontaneous rearing at P31, performance on the beam balance test at P31, and grip strength at P31 in CTR-VD pups, PS-VD pups, and PS-AD pups. D: Incremental spatial learning on P35–39, performance on the memory probe at P40, and on the rapid learning test at P42 in CTR-VD pups, PS-VD pups, and PS-AD pups. For all panels, 19–25 pups/group; * and **, p<0.05 and 0.01, respectively, comparing CTR-VD and PS-VD; §§, p< 0.01comparing PS-VD and PS-AD.