Fecal-oocyst shedding following vaccination with 3-1E protein. Chickens were vaccinated in ovo with PBS (0) or 25, 50, 100, or 500 μg of 3-1E and orally infected with 10,000 oocysts of E. acervulina at 14 days posthatch, and cumulative fecal-oocyst numbers were determined between 5 and 10 days postinfection. Each bar represents the mean plus standard error of the mean (n = 5). The asterisks indicate significantly decreased oocyst numbers compared with the PBS control.