FIG. 3.

Fecal-oocyst shedding following covaccination with 3-1E protein plus cytokine genes. Chickens were vaccinated in ovo with PBS (−) or 100 μg of 3-1E protein (+) plus 5.0 μg of plasmid DNAs from the pcDNA empty vector or encoding the indicated cytokine genes and orally infected with 10,000 oocysts of E. acervulina at 14 days posthatch, and fecal-oocyst numbers were determined between 5 and 10 days postinfection. Each bar represents the mean plus standard error of the mean (n = 5). The asterisks indicate significantly decreased oocyst numbers compared with the 3-1E plus vector only group.