Table 4.
Comparison of the foot-based audits vs secondary data at LSOA level using Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (n=820, unless otherwise stated).a.
| Variable | Individual ICC | 95% CIs | Agreement |
|---|---|---|---|
| Transport | |||
| Traffic volume using AADF (n=252b) | −0.39 | −0.49 −0.28 | Poor |
| Traffic volume using RTIs | −0.38 | −0.44 −0.32 | Poor |
| Bus stops | 0.56 | 0.51–0.60 | Fair |
| Proportion of roads classified as motorways or A-roads | −0.11 | −0.18 −0.04 | Poor |
| Services | |||
| Pharmacies | 0.65 | 0.61–0.69 | Good |
| GPs | 0.42 | 0.36–0.47 | Fair |
| Dentists | 0.71 | 0.67–0.74 | Good |
| Medical services (GPs, dentists, pharmacists) | 0.79 | 0.77–0.82 | Excellent |
| Availability of green space | |||
| Proportion of greenspace | −0.75 | −0.78 to −0.72 | Poor |
| Land use mix | |||
| Spatial entropy score | −0.29 | −0.35 to −0.23 | Poor |
AADF: Annual average daily flow for all motor vehicles; CIs: Confidence Intervals; FBA: Foot based audits; GP: General Practitioner; ICC: Intraclass Correlation Coefficient; RTIs: Road traffic injuries.
a
Cut-off values for kappa statistic: 0.80–1.00 (almost perfect), 0.60–0.79 (substantial), 0.40–0.59 (moderate), 0.20–0.39 (fair) and 0.00–0.19 (poor) [6]. Cut-off values for ICC: 0.75–1.00 (excellent), 0.60–0.74 (good), 0.40–0.59 (fair) and 0.00–0.39 (poor).
b
Only LSOAs with at least one count point that links the AADFs to the road network.