Table 5.

Comparison of time and potential costs for managing, collecting and cleaning data using the three methods to objectively assess the neighbourhood environment.

	Foot-based audits		Google Street View audits		Secondary dataa
	Newcastle-under-Lyme	Ipswich	Newcastle-under-Lyme	Ipswich
Data collection
Period	Nov 2013 - Dec 2013	Oct 2011 - Dec 2011	May 2014 - Aug 2014	Dec 2013 - May 2014	May−15
Dates most GSV images were uploaded	N/A	N/A	Mar 2009 and Nov 2012	Jul 2012	N/A
N of staffb	4	4	1	1	1
N of segments auditedd	588	626	653	716	N/A
N of days	22	18	13e	12e	10c
Minutes per segmentd	8.9	10.1	7	5.8	N/A
Transport	1 h/person	1 h/person	N/A	N/A	N/A
Data entry
N of staff	1	1	N/A	N/A	N/A
N of hours	30	32	N/A	N/A	N/A

GSV: Google Street View; N: Number; N/A: Not applicable.

^aSecondary data for all 17 English towns.

^bStaff are fieldworkers for FBA audits and GSV audit in Newcastle and data analyst for GSV audit in Ipswich and secondary data.

^cTime includes identifying potential data sources and processing data in MS Excel, ArcGIS and STATA for land-use, traffic volume, public transport and selected services.

^d1,369 segments in GSV audits and 1,214 segments in foot-based audits with valid start and end times.

^eFull-time equivalent.