Table 6.
Genes overexpressed in moderately aggressive ovarian cancer cell lines involved in cellular functions
| Categories of genes involved in cellular functions | Genes reported in ovarian cancer by other investigators |
Genes not reported in ovarian cancer | Genes related with ovary tissue | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High expressiond | Low expressione | |||
| (I) Cell cycle, cell division, cell growth, and proliferation | Ar (↑) [145]; Slc12a6 (↑) (proliferation and invasion) [146]; Pde4d (↑) [147], [148]; Il16 (↑) [149], [150], [151]; Kifc3 (↓) [152], [153] | Ptch1 (↓) [154]; Cdk7 (↓) [155]; Abca1 (↓) [156]; Ssbp1 (↓) [157]; Gja1 (↓) [158], [159], [160]; Neo1 (↓↑) [161]; Runx1t1 [162], [163] | Maoa (↓) [164], [48], [165], Rbbp6 (↑↓ depends on isoforms) [166], Mast4 [167], [168]; Zmym3 (m and ↓) [169], [170]; Znf259 [171]; Lrba [172]; Usp11 [173], [174]; Itgb8 (↑) [175], [176], Fam46a (tooth) [177]; Zbtb33 (↓) [178] | C1galt1 [179]; [180], Kifc3 [181], [182] |
| (II) Axon guidance, adhesion, migration and invasion | Ar (↑) [145]; Neol (↑) [183], Lamp2 [184], [185], [186] | Cd55 [187]; Gjal (↓) [159], [160]; Neol (↓↑) [161] | Itgb8 (motility) [188], Rab14 [189] | C1galt1 [179], [180] |
| (III) Apoptosis and necrosis | Casp12 [190], [191]; Gja1 (↓) [159], [160]; Rbbp6 (overexpression of both isoforms is related with apoptosis) [166] | Rbmx [192], Adk [193], Sept4 [194], Usp11 [173], Maoa (inhibit apoptosis) [10], Fam46a (tooth) [177] | ||
| (IV) DNA regulation, replication, recombination, and repair | Casp12 [190], [191] | Rbmx [3], snRNP48 [195], Usp11 [174], [196] | Rbm28 | |
| (V) Metabolism | Man1a1 [197]; [198], Fah [199], Mboat1 (lipid metabolism) [200], Znf259 [9] | Gnpda1 [201] | ||
| (VI) Angiogenesis | Il16 (↑) [149], [202]; Hoxd3 (↑) [203] | Ptch1 (↓) [154] | Rbmx [192], Apln [204], [205], Adk [193] | |
| (VII) DNA/chromatin/chromosome composition | ||||
| (VIII) Carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis | Rbbp6 (isoform3) [166] | |||
| (IX) Transcription, transcriptional modification and mRNA stability | Znf259 [206] | |||
| (X) Differentiation | Mospd1 (↓) [207] | Fam213a [208], Fam46a (tooth) [177]; Zbtb33 [209] | ||
| (XI) Membrane transporters/channel | Kcnip2 [210], [211] | |||
| (XII) Immune and inflammatory responses | Casp12 (↓) [212], Il16 [149] | Adk [193], Akap5 [213], [214], Usp11 [173], Tmem176a [215]; Zbtb33 [209] | ||
| (XIII) Autophagy and membrane trafficking | Lamp2 (↑ promoting cell resistance) [216], [217] | Sept4 [194], Lrba [172], Rab14 [218], [219] | ||
| (XIV) Ubiquination | Usp11 [220] | |||
| (XV) Signaling | Slc12a6 (and ion concentration control) [221]; [146] | Maoa [10], Itgb8 [222], Dnaja2 (via G protein-mediated signal transduction) [223], Nrip2 (Toll-like signaling pathway) [224] | ||
| (XVI) Adipogenesis, | Fam57b [225] | |||
| (XVII) Other | Stard5 (↑ chlestrol) [226] | Unc13c (synapses) [227], Dnaja2 (cochaperone) [228], OTTMUSG00000004461 (cell and nuclear size) [229], Fars2 (Mg ion binding and neurotoxicity prevention) [230], 6720401G13Rik (nuclear architecture of the chromosome) [15], Lass4 (fat storage) [231] | Nek4 (cell expansion) [232] | |
| (XVIII) Unknown | Odf3b, Zfp932, TPMT, 5033411D12Rik, A930035D04Rik, Fam70a, OTTMUSG00000016321, EG434179, Gm9776, 5830428H23Rik, A230072C01Rik, 1600012H06Rik, Ccdc112, Gm19569, Zfp771, Ptar1, Zfp68, Zfp69, Tmem80, Tmcc3 | |||
The 72 genes overexpressed in highly aggressive cell lines are listed here. Gene in boldface is a reported tumor suppressor gene [144]. Due to the high number of citations, the references for this table are shown in the supplemental materials
Down-pointing arrow genes were underexpressed or they were tumor suppressors, up-pointing arrow genes overexpressed, up-pointing and down-pointing arrow genes were sometimes underexpressed and sometimes overexpressed
a Mutation is associated with ovarian cancer
b Gene methylation is associated with ovarian cancer
c Gene was reported to be associated with drug resistance in ovarian cancer cell lines.
Genes with high/overexpression were reported to be associated with ovarian cancers by other investigators
Genes with low/down-expression were reported to be associated with ovarian cancers by other investigators
f Genes that were not reported in ovarian cancer, but these genes may have been reported in other cancers. The references were in the supplement