Table 6.
Anticancer effect of rice by-products in vitro.
| Author(s) | Year | Components | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hudson et al. [62] | 2000 | Rice bran phenolic extracts (tricin, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and methoxycinnamic acid) | Reduced the number of viable SW480 cells and inhibited the colony-forming ability. |
|
| |||
| Luo et al. [103] | 2005 | Gamma-oryzanol (cycloartenyl trans-ferulate and 24-methylenecycloartanol trans-ferulate) from rice bran | Moderate cytotoxicity effect against MCF-7 cells. |
|
| |||
| Kim et al. [100] | 2007 | Methanol extract of rice husk | Highly cytotoxic against colon cancer cells, with IC50 value of 0.5 μg/mL. |
|
| |||
| Gollapudi and Ghoneum [104] | 2008 | MGN-3/biobran, modified arabinoxylan from rice bran | Treatment with MGN-3 increased susceptibility of human breast cancer cells to daunorubicin (5.5-fold for MCF-7 and 2.5-fold for HCC70 cells) compared with that of human breast cancer cells treated with daunorubicin alone. |
|
| |||
| Joung et al. [105] | 2008 | Momilactone B, an allelochemical of rice husk | Suppressed hypoxia-induced increases of cyclin D1 in human breast cancer cells. |
|
| |||
| Kannan et al. [106] | 2008 | Peptide hydrolysates derived from heat-stabilized defatted rice bran | Suppressed the proliferation of Caco-2 and HepG2 cancer cells. |
|
| |||
| Lee et al. [99] | 2008 | Momilactone B, an allelochemical of rice husks | Inhibited the proliferation of human leukemic T-cells (Jurkat). |
|
| |||
| Punyatong et al. [107] | 2008 | PA and C3G in purple glutinous rice bran | Dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on X63, a mouse-plasma cancer cell line of myeloma cells. |
|
| |||
| Kannan et al. [108] | 2009 | Peptide hydrolysates derived from rice bran | Cytotoxicity effect of <5 kDa peptide fraction separated from rice bran protein hydrolysate against HCT-116. |
|
| |||
| Kong et al. [98] | 2009 | Rice bran cycloartenyl ferulate | Induced apoptosis in SW480 and SW620 cells through activation of caspase-3 and caspase-8. |
|
| |||
| Kannan et al. [109] | 2010 | Peptides derived from defatted rice bran | Inhibited Caco-2 and HCT-116 cells growth. |
|
| |||
| Nurul-Husna et al. [110] | 2010 | Rice bran phytic acid | Suppressed the proliferation of HT-29 cells. |
|
| |||
| Chen et al. [63] | 2012 | Red rice bran | Exhibited strong inhibition on leukemia, cervical, and stomach cancer cells. |
|
| |||
| Forster et al. [71] | 2013 | Rice bran (variety Jasmine 85) | Exhibited a strong inhibitory effect against Caco-2 and HT-29 cells. |
|
| |||
| Takashima et al. [111] | 2013 | Water and ethanol extracts of rice bran | Markedly inhibited the growth of LS174T cells. |
|
| |||
| Tan et al. [72] | 2013 | WBR and methanol extract of brewers' rice | Inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 cell line. |
C3G: cyanidin 3-glucoside; Caco-2: colon cancer cells; HCC70: human breast cancer cells; HCT-116: human colon cancer; HepG2: liver cancer; HT-29: human colorectal cancer; IC50: inhibition concentration for 50%; LS174T: human colon cancer; MCF-7: human breast adenocarcinoma; PA: proanthocyanidin; SW480: human colon cancer; SW620: human colon cancer; WBR: water extract of brewers' rice.