TABLE 1.
Comparisons of Patient Clinical Characteristics and Invasive Indexes
| Women (n = 117) | Men (n = 40) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | |||
| Age, yrs | 53.7 ± 11.3 | 53.5 ± 13.5 | 0.91 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 28 (23.9) | 10 (25.0) | 0.89 |
| Hypertension | 63 (53.8) | 14 (35.0) | 0.04* |
| Dyslipidemia | 63 (53.8) | 28 (70.0) | 0.07 |
| Smoking | 31 (26.7) | 16 (40.0) | 0.12 |
| Family history | 61 (52.1) | 9 (22.5) | 0.001† |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 29.0 ± 7.4 | 28.1 ± 4.6 | 0.91 |
| Hormonal status | |||
| Pre-menopausal | 54 (46.2) | – | |
| Peri-menopausal | 55 (47.0) | – | |
| Post-menopausal | 8 (6.8) | – | |
|
| |||
| Medications | |||
| Long-acting nitrate | 16 (13.7) | 7 (17.5) | 0.56 |
| Short-acting nitrate | 34 (29.1) | 13 (32.5) | 0.68 |
| Calcium-channel blocker | 17 (14.5) | 7 (17.5) | 0.65 |
| β-blocker | 51 (43.6) | 16 (40.0) | 0.69 |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker | 17 (14.5) | 5 (12.5) | 0.75 |
| Statin | 66 (56.4) | 24 (60.0) | 0.69 |
| Aspirin | 75 (64.1) | 30 (75.0) | 0.21 |
| Clopidogrel | 5 (4.3) | 2 (5.0) | 0.85 |
| Diuretic agents | 19 (16.2) | 3 (7.5) | 0.17 |
|
| |||
| Clinical demographics | |||
| Chest pain characteristics | |||
| Typical | 73 (62.4) | 19 (47.5) | 0.10 |
| Atypical | 44 (37.6) | 21 (52.5) | |
| Stress test results | |||
| No test | 4 (3.4) | 2 (5.0) | 0.13 |
| Normal | 33 (28.2) | 5 (12.5) | |
| Ischemic | 80 (68.4) | 33 (82.5) | |
|
| |||
| Physiological indexes | |||
| CFR | 3.8 ± 1.6 | 4.8 ± 1.9 | 0.004† |
| IMR | 20.7 ± 9.8 | 19.1 ± 8.0 | 0.45 |
| FFR | 0.88 ± 0.04 | 0.87 ± 0.04 | 0.04* |
|
| |||
| QCA indexes | |||
| Reference diameter, mm | 2.59 ± 0.56 | 2.80 ± 0.61 | 0.03* |
| Minimal lumen diameter, mm | 2.01 ± 0.49 | 2.03 ± 0.54 | 0.75 |
| % diameter stenosis | 21.8 ± 12.0 | 27.2 ± 12.2 | 0.02* |
|
| |||
| IVUS indexes (n = 142) | n = 106 | n = 36 | |
| 3-dimensional | |||
| Vessel VI, mm3/mm | 12.3 ± 3.1 | 13.9 ± 2.8 | 0.003† |
| Lumen VI, mm3/mm | 9.2 ± 2.7 | 9.6 ± 2.7 | 0.42 |
| % plaque volume | 25.0 ± 8.5 | 31.3 ± 10.4 | 0.002† |
| 2-dimensional | |||
| Minimum lumen area, mm2 | 5.1 ± 2.0 | 4.7 ± 1.6 | 0.56 |
Values are n mean ± SD or n (%).
*
p < 0.05.
†
p < 0.01.
CFR = coronary flow reserve; FFR = fractional flow reserve; IMR = index of microcirculatory resistance; QCA = quantitative coronary angiography; VI = volume index.