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. 2017 Jan 25;6(1):15–21. doi: 10.7774/cevr.2017.6.1.15

Table 5. Mucosal adjuvants.

Composition Target T-cell–mediated immune response Mucosal IgA Reference
Th1 Th2 Th17 CTL
MDP TLR-2 + + + [37]
MPL TLR-4 + + + [45]
Flagellin TLR-5 + + ++ [47]
CT GM1 + + + ++++++ [42]
CTA1-DD Ig heavy chain + + + + +++++ [41]
Quillaja saponins fraction DCs + + + ++ [44]
Cationic DDA ND + + ++ [43]
Chitosan Tight junctions + ++ [48]
IL-1 IL-1R + + +++ [46]
IL-12 IL-12R + + + [49]

Adapted from Lycke N. Nat Rev Immunol 2012;12:592-605 [14] and Kim SH and Jang YS. Exp Mol Med 2014;46:e85 [16].

+ or - in this table means the strength of induced immune response.

CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocytes; MDP, muramyl dipeptide; TLR, Toll-like receptor; MPL, monophosphoryl lipid A; CT, cholera toxin; DC, dendritic cell; DDA, dimethyldioctadecylammonium; ND, not determined; IL, interleukin.