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Schema of positive feedback loops promoting intracellular Na and Ca overload, CaMKII activation, and EADs during stress induced with hydrogen peroxide, angiotensin II, and hypokalemia. The enhanced late inward currents potentiate CaMKII activity (positive feedback loop) by prolonging APD and promoting EADs leading to VT/VF. APD indicates action potential duration; CaMKII, Ca-calmodulin kinase II; EAD, early afterdepolarization.
