Table 1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Participants According to Groups (No. (%) or Mean ± SD).
| Risk Factor | Abbreviation | Level | Without NAFLD (n = 1241) | With NAFLD (n = 359) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | SEX | Male | 361 (29.1) | 110 (30.7) | 0.55 |
| Female | 880 (70.9) | 249 (69.3) | |||
| Single | 447 (36) | 27 (7.5) | |||
| Marital status | MS | Married | 726 (58.5) | 297 (83) | < 0.001a |
| Other | 68 (5.5) | 35 (9.5) | |||
| Yes | 538 (43.4) | 70 (19.3) | |||
| History of hepatitis B vaccine | HEP | No | 703 (56.6) | 289 (80.7) | < 0.001a |
| History of blood transfusion | BT | Yes | 22 (1.8) | 11 (3.1) | |
| No | 1,219 (98.2) | 348 (96.9) | 0.139 | ||
| Thalassemia | THAL | Yes | 2 (.2) | 1 (.3) | 0.533 |
| No | 1,239 (99.8) | 358 (99.7) | |||
| Hemophilia | HEMO | Yes | 3 (.2) | 0 (.0) | 0.99 |
| No | 1,238 (99.8) | 359 (100) | |||
| Dialysis | DI | Yes | 3 (.2) | 1 (.3) | 0.99 |
| No | 1,238 (99.8) | 358 (99.7) | |||
| Surgery | SU | Yes | 3 (.2) | 1 (.3) | 0.99 |
| No | 1,238 (99.8) | 358 (99.7) | |||
| History of surgery | HS | Yes | 356 (28.7) | 141 (39.4) | < 0.001a |
| No | 885 (71.3) | 218 (60.4) | |||
| History of dental surgery | DE | Yes | 1,002 (80.7) | 303 (84.6) | 0.104 |
| No | 239 (19.3) | 56 (15.4) | |||
| History of phlebotomy | PH | Yes | 94 (7.6) | 35 (9.8) | 0.186 |
| No | 1,147 (92.4) | 324 (90.2) | |||
| Tattoos | TA | Yes | 38 (3.1) | 19 (5.3) | 0.052 |
| No | 1,203 (96.9) | 340 (94.7) | |||
| History of unsanitary ear piercing | UPE | Yes | 541 (43.6) | 141 (39.4) | 0.147 |
| No | 700 (56.4) | 218 (60.6) | |||
| Use of hookah | HOO | Yes | 83 (6.7) | 28 (7.8) | 0.479 |
| No | 1,158 (93.3) | 331 (92.2) | |||
| Current smoker (tobacco) | SMOK | Yes | 39 (3.1) | 19 (5.3) | 0.076 |
| No | 1,202 (96.9) | 340 (94.7) | |||
| History of drug use | HDU | Yes | 28 (2.3) | 6 (1.7) | 0.677 |
| No | 1,213 (97.7) | 353 (98.3) | |||
| HBSAG | HBSAG | Negative | 1,215 (98.1) | 353 (98.5) | 0.83 |
| Positive | 26 (1.9) | 6 (1.5) | |||
| HBSAB | HBSAB | Negative | 1,079 (88.5) | 307 (87.0) | 0.142 |
| Positive | 162 (11.5) | 52 (13.0) | |||
| Underweight (UW) | 197 (15.9) | 1 (.3) | |||
| Body mass index | BMI | Normal (N) | 633 (51) | 62 (17.3) | < 0.001a |
| Overweight (OW) | 320 (25.8) | 186 (51.7) | |||
| Obese (OB) | 87 (7) | 110 (30.7) | |||
| Waist–hip ratio | WHR | 0.83 ± 0.09 | 0.92 ± 0.09 | <0.001a | |
| Systolic blood pressure | SBP | 100.05 ± 26.1 | 108.42 ± 31.86 | <0.001a | |
| Diastolic blood pressure | DBP | 82.14 ± 20.01 | 93.37 ± 23.85 | <0.001a | |
| High-density lipoprotein | HDL | 50.95 ± 11.5 | 48.9 ± 9.73 | 0.009a | |
| Triglycerides | TG | 120.3 ± 68.52 | 193.89 ± 113.5 | < 0.001a | |
| Alanine aminotransferase | ALT | 15.56 ± 10.92 | 19.11 ± 12.5 | < 0.001a | |
| Cholesterol | CHO | 184.94 ± 42.58 | 207.62 ± 41.79 | < 0.001a | |
| Aspartate aminotransferase | AST | 24.84 ± 11.66 | 28.06 ± 17.84 | < 0.001a | |
| Glucose | GLU | 96.68 ± 26.86 | 108.45 ± 39.56 | < 0.001a | |
| Albumin | AL | 4.32 ± 0.37 | 4.23 ± 0.4 | < 0.001a | |
| Age | AGE | 34.85 ± 17.45 | 45.9 ± 13.34 | < 0.001a |
aSignificant at the 0.05 level.