Table 2.

Environment and infrastructure by HAZ and WHZ quintiles in Nepal

	HAZ quintiles					WHZ quintiles
Variable	1	2	3	4	5	1	2	3	4	5
Z-score	−3.70	−2.59	−1.93	−1.23	0.06	−2.31	−1.30	−0.77	−0.23	0.68
Rainfall	299	307	314	318	311	274	279	280	285	290
Altitude	977	902	802	770	676	675	783	817	913	943
Roads	0.19	0.21	0.22	0.24	0.30	0.23	0.24	0.25	0.28	0.33
Clinics	4.9	5.0	5.1	5.4	6.0	4.7	5.0	5.0	5.6	6.0
Water	0.68	0.71	0.76	0.76	0.80	0.76	0.74	0.74	0.73	0.74
Markets	297	245	188	225	180	200	208	224	245	253
Storage	2.7	3.2	3.5	3.4	3.8	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.3

Z-scores are from the 2006 and 2011 DHSs (n = 7,572). Rainfall (millimeters) was measured at the DHS cluster level for growing season in the year before birth (HAZ) and in the growing season immediately preceding child measurement (WHZ). Altitude (meters above sea level) is from the DHS. Roads (kilometers per square kilometer), clinics (health facilities per 100,000 persons), water (percentage of households self-reporting access to a safe source of drinking water at the time of child measurement), markets (average distance in minutes of walking to a weekly bazaar; excluding observations from Kathmandu), and public food storage capacity (in kilograms per person) were measured at the district level in the year of the child’s birth.