Table 1.
Univariate analyses for acute chemical releases involving victims, by type of event.
| Variable | Fixed Facilities | Transportation | ||||
| No. | % with victims | POR (95% CI) | No. | % with victims | POR (95% CI) | |
| Time of day | ||||||
| 0000–0559 | 4117 | 4.3 | referent | 1205 | 9.8 | referent |
| 0600–1159 | 10104 | 7.4 | 1.78 (1.51–2.11) | 3011 | 9.2 | 0.94 (0.75–1.18) |
| 1200–1759 | 9289 | 7.9 | 1.90 (1.61–2.25) | 2539 | 8.7 | 0.87 (0.69–1.11) |
| 1800–2359 | 5069 | 7.4 | 1.78 (1.48–2.14) | 1171 | 8.8 | 0.89 (0.67–1.17) |
| Day of week | ||||||
| Weekend | 5765 | 7.0 | referent | 1226 | 7.0 | referent |
| Weekday | 24209 | 8.0 | 1.16 (1.03–1.29) | 7998 | 8.4 | 1.22 (0.97–1.54) |
| Season | ||||||
| Dec.-Feb. | 6643 | 7.3 | referent | 1631 | 8.3 | referent |
| Mar.-May | 7988 | 7.9 | 1.08 (0.96–1.23) | 2812 | 7.4 | 0.88 (0.70–1.10) |
| Jun.-Aug. | 8480 | 8.1 | 1.11 (0.99–1.26) | 2794 | 8.9 | 1.08 (0.87–1.35) |
| Sep.-Nov. | 6863 | 7.7 | 1.07 (0.94–1.21) | 1987 | 8.5 | 1.02 (0.81–1.30) |
| Area* | ||||||
| Industrial | 18936 | 5.6 | 0.59 (0.45–0.77) | 2547 | 12.7 | 0.20 (0.15–0.27) |
| Commercial | 5336 | 3.4 | 3.49 (2.67–4.57) | 3385 | 2.9 | 0.46 (0.36–0.59) |
| Residential | 2097 | 17.3 | 1.68 (1.53–1.85) | 612 | 6.3 | 1.08 (0.98–1.19) |
| Agricultural | 2253 | 22.1 | 1.70 (1.27–2.29) | 1628 | 15.5 | 1.29 (1.02–1.64) |
| Other | 1064 | 9.2 | referent | 903 | 15.9 | referent |
| Release Type | ||||||
| Spill | 11165 | 6.2 | referent | 8020 | 6.5 | referent |
| Air | 17280 | 7.1 | 1.16 (1.06–1.28) | 945 | 18.3 | 3.25 (2.69–3.91) |
| Fire | 878 | 22.8 | 4.47 (3.75–5.33) | 134 | 35.8 | 8.08 (5.62–11.64) |
| Explosion | 244 | 53.7 | 17.57 (13.51–22.86) | 11 | 45.5 | 12.07 (3.67–39.68) |
| Fire and explosion | 98 | 57.1 | 20.21 (13.45–30.38) | 5 | 40.0 | 9.66 (1.61–57.91) |
| Substances†,‡ | ||||||
| Acid | 1832 | 14.8 | 2.20 (1.92–2.53) | NA | ||
| Ammonia | 2150 | 12.6 | 1.81 (1.58–2.07) | 280 | 17.5 | 2.46 (1.79–3.38) |
| Chlorine | 597 | 28.0 | 4.90 (4.07–5.89) | 18 | 33.3 | 5.62 (2.10–15.01) |
| Other inorganics§ | NA | 968 | 10.7 | 1.40 (1.23–1.74) | ||
| Pesticides | 810 | 14.8 | 2.13 (1.74–2.59) | NA | ||
| Multiple substances¶ | 1142 | 24.0 | 4.12 (3.57–4.75) | 352 | 36.4 | 7.46 (5.92–9.41) |
*Type of general land use of the surrounding area in which the event occurred.
†Only substance categories with a 95% CI greater than 1.0 are presented.
‡ Substance categories were coded as yes/no. The referent group is all other substances.
§Excludes acids, bases, ammonia, and chlorine.
¶Events with more than one hazardous substance released from different chemical categories.